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Showing 24451 - 24500FDA Proposes to Extend Its Tobacco Authority to Additional Tobacco Products, Including E-Cigarettes
As part of its implementation of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act signed by the President in 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today proposed a new rule that would extend the agency’s tobacco authority to cover additional tobacco products. ...
Adding Everolimus to Trastuzumab/Vinorelbine Prolongs Progression-Free Survival but Increases Toxicity in Trastuzumab-Resistant Advanced Breast Cancer
Disease progression in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) may be associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation, and use of an mTOR inhibitor might restore trastuzumab sensitivity. In the double-blind phase III BOLERO-3 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology,...
Use of Intraoperative Frozen Section Margin Assessment May Decrease Reoperations in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Lumpectomy
In female patients undergoing breast cancer lumpectomies, intraoperative frozen section margin assessment has been shown to decrease overall reoperation rates, according to the results of a study reported by Boughey et al in the journal Surgery. This finding may lead to lower health-care costs, a...
Researchers Identify Pathway That Drives Development of Cancer 'Stemness' and Drug Resistance
Most drugs used to treat lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers also promote drug resistance and ultimately spur tumor growth. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine have discovered a biomarker called CD61 on the surface of drug-resistant tumors that may be...
Swedish Men Living Alone Have Later Stage at Diagnosis and Worse Survival in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
In a population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Eriksson et al found that Swedish men with cutaneous malignant melanoma have more advanced stage at diagnosis and worse disease-specific survival if they live alone. Women living alone did not have worse disease-specific...
Addition of Tigecycline to Empiric Therapy Improves Success Rate in Febrile Neutropenic Patients With Hematologic Malignancy
Antibiotic monotherapy is considered standard in empiric therapy in febrile neutropenic cancer patients, but the approach may be insufficient given the increase in infections due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Tigecycline (Tygacil), the first in a new class of glycylcycline antibiotics, has ...
Sildenafil Use May Be Associated With Increased Risk of Melanoma
In a prospective cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Li et al found that recent and ever use of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction was associated with increased risk of subsequent melanoma, but not squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma. The RAS/RAF/MAPK and ERK kinase/ERK cascade is...
New Gene Variant Found That Increases the Risk of Colorectal Cancer From Eating Processed Meat
A common genetic variant that affects one in three people appears to significantly increase the risk of colorectal cancer from the consumption of processed meat, according to a study published today in PLOS Genetics by Figueiredo et al. The study of over 18,000 people from the United States,...
Researchers Uncover Link Between Down Syndrome and Leukemia
Although doctors have long known that people with Down syndrome have a heightened risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood, they haven’t been able to explain why. In a new study published online in Nature Genetics, Lane et al tracked the genetic chain of events...
High Total/Saturated Fat Intake Associated With Increased Risk of Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In an analysis from the EPIC study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Sieri et al found that high dietary intake of total fat and saturated fat were associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor–positive/progesterone receptor–positive breast cancer and that...
European Phase II Study Indicates Activity of Enzalutamide in Hormone-Naive Prostate Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Tombal et al, a single-arm phase II trial of the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide (Xtandi) has shown that the agent is active in suppressing disease and well tolerated in men with hormone-naive prostate cancer. In this ongoing trial, 67 men with...
Chronic Inflammation in Benign Prostate Tissue Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer
An analysis of prostate tissue biopsies collected from participants in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) has found that those whose benign prostate tissue had chronic inflammation had 1.78 times higher odds of having prostate cancer, and 2.24 times higher odds of having ...
FDA Approves Ofatumumab for Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved ofatumumab (Arzerra) injection in combination with chlorambucil (Leukeran) for the treatment of previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), for whom fludarabine-based therapy is considered inappropriate. Trial...
Panitumumab Not Inferior to Cetuximab in Overall Survival in Chemotherapy-Refractory Wild-Type KRAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the open-label noninferiority phase III ASPECCT trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Price et al found that anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment with panitumumab (Vectibix) produced a noninferior overall survival outcome vs cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with chemotherapy-refractory...
Volasertib Granted Orphan Drug Designation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Orphan Drug Designation to volasertib for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Volasertib is currently being evaluated in a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of patients aged 65 or older, with previously untreated AML, who are ineligible for ...
Investigators Attempt to Increase Lapatinib Exposure Through Intermittent Dosing in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
HER3 links with HER2 in a reciprocal relationship including negative feedback signaling that can upregulate HER2-HER3 signaling to compensate for HER2 inhibition. This signal-buffering capacity protects HER2-HER3 against a nearly 2-log inhibition of HER2 catalytic activity. The anti-HER2 tyrosine...
Unexpected Protein Partnership Has Implications for Cancer Treatment
Scientists have identified two unlikely partners found in macrophages that work together in response to cancer drugs to increase inflammation in a way that may alter tumor growth. The study by Lowe et al was published in Cancer Research. These partners are the p53 protein that suppresses tumors...
Study Finds a Quarter of Men Drop Out of Prostate Cancer Monitoring, Casting Doubt on Safety of Active Surveillance
Noncompliance appears to be a major challenge for active surveillance, according to the results of long-term follow-up of patients with prostate cancer presented at the European Association of Urology 29th Annual Congress in Stockholm. Over a quarter of men dropped out of the active surveillance...
Perioperative Chemotherapy for High-Risk Bladder Cancer Improves Survival but Is Not Routinely Administered
A recent study published in Cancer found that, contrary to treatment guidelines for high-risk bladder cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not commonly used in routine clinical practice. Utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy was found to be increasing over time and was associated with a substantial...
Novel Blood-Based Biomarkers May Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response
Researchers have developed a quantitative multiplexed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay called cMethDNA for a panel of 10 breast cancer–specific genes. The blood-based assay was found to be highly sensitive in detecting advanced breast cancer and monitoring tumor burden and ...
ASCO Releases Adapted Guideline on Screening, Assessment, and Management of Fatigue in Adult Survivors of Cancer
A majority of cancer patients experience some level of fatigue during their course of treatment, and approximately 30% contend with persistent fatigue for years after treatment. Fatigue is among the most common and distressing long-term effects of cancer treatment and significantly affects patient...
ASCO Issues Adapted Guideline on Screening, Assessment, and Care of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Cancer
ASCO has adapted the Pan-Canadian Practice Guideline on Screening, Assessment, and Care of Psychosocial Distress (Depression, Anxiety) in Adults With Cancer for use in the screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer. The adapted guideline, reported in...
ASCO Releases Guideline on Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers
The American Society of Clinical Oncology has released a clinical practice guideline on prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in adult cancer patients, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. The overall incidence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ...
Gene Sequencing Project Discovers Mutations Tied to High-Grade Gliomas in Young Children
The St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital–Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project has identified new mutations in pediatric high-grade gliomas. The findings by Wu et al were published in Nature Genetics and may lead to improved outcomes for children with these brain...
Study Examines Protein Expression Biomarkers in HPV-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck
A quartet of proteins that play critical roles in cell replication, cell death, and DNA repair could lead to better targets for therapy against treatment-resistant head and neck squamous cell cancers. In a study presented this week at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual...
Researchers Identify Transcription Factors Distinguishing Glioblastoma Stem Cells
The activity of four transcription factors appears to distinguish the small proportion of glioblastoma cells responsible for the aggressiveness and treatment resistance of the deadly brain tumor. The findings by Suvà et al, published online in Cell, support the importance of epigenetics in...
Worse Progression-Free Survival With Addition of Cetuximab to Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Surgery for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer is associated with overall survival of approximately 40% at 5 years, and progression-free survival is increased with the addition of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU). The addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to chemotherapy has produced a survival...
Older People With Faster Decline in Memory and Thinking Skills May Have Lower Risk of Cancer Death
Older people who are starting to have memory and thinking problems, but do not yet have dementia, may have a lower risk of dying from cancer than people who have no memory and thinking problems, according to a study by Benito-León et al published online in Neurology. “Studies have...
Long-Term Hormone Therapy Is Associated With Improved Survival in Women With Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
In women with non–small cell lung cancer, long-term hormone therapy, particularly estrogen plus progesterone, is associated with improved survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Katcoff et al in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. This finding may lead to...
ASCO Endorses SSO/ASTRO Guideline on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery With Whole-Breast Irradiation in Stage I and II Invasive Breast Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Buchholz et al, ASCO has endorsed the recently published Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) consensus guideline on margins for breast-conserving surgery with whole-breast irradiation in stage I...
Phase II Study Suggests Promise of Intermittent Chemotherapy Plus Continuous Cetuximab in Advanced KRAS Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II study (COIN-B) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Wasan et al examined the addition of continuous or intermittent cetuximab (Erbitux) to intermittent chemotherapy in previously untreated advanced KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer. Continuous cetuximab appeared to be associated with...
Consumptive Hypothyroidism in GIST Associated With Increased D3 Expression
In a report in The New England Journal of Medicine, Maynard et al discuss identification of consumptive hypothyroidism due to overexpression of thyroid hormone–inactivating enzyme type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and subsequent...
Deep, Integrated Genomic Analysis Reclassifies Lower-Grade Brain Tumors
Using comprehensive genomic analysis, researchers have sorted low-grade brain tumors into three categories, one of which has the molecular hallmarks and shortened survival of glioblastoma multiforme, the most lethal of brain tumors. The findings were reported at the American Association for Cancer...
Targeted Investigational Therapy Shows Anticancer Activity in Multiple Cancer Types
The investigational, oral drug BGJ398, which blocks the activity of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), showed promising anticancer activity in patients with various types of cancer driven by FGFR genetic alterations, according to the results of a phase I clinical trial presented at the...
Study Identifies Frequent Cause of Breast Cancer Resistance to Investigational PI3K-Alpha Inhibitor
Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN was a frequent cause of resistance to the investigational drug BYL719, which blocks the activity of the PI3K-alpha protein, in a small sample of women with breast cancer that progressed after initially responding to BYL719 treatment, according to results presented...
Crossover Trial Indicates Preference for Pazopanib Over Sunitinib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
A crossover trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Escudier et al found that patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma preferred pazopanib (Votrient) vs sunitinib (Sutent) treatment. Study Details In the double-blind study, 168 patients with no prior systemic therapy for...
Six Months Hormonal Treatment in Addition to Radiotherapy Improves Survival for Men With Localized Prostate Cancer
Men with localized prostate cancer that is at risk of growing and spreading have a lower risk of disease progression and recurrence if they are treated with radiotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy, according to new research. The findings, which were presented at the 33rd Conference...
Preclinical Study Identifies Potential New Approach to Overcome Breast Cancer Resistance to HER2-Targeted Therapies
Resistance to a combination of HER2-targeted therapies, trastuzumab (Herceptin) and lapatinib (Tykerb), was associated with elevated activation of a group of proteins called fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), which are the target of a number of drugs currently being developed, according to ...
Study Identifies Potential Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated With MK-3475
Among patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with the investigational immune checkpoint inhibitor MK-3475, those whose tumors had high levels of the protein PD-L1 had significantly better outcomes, according to results of a phase I clinical trial presented at the American...
Prognosis of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer Varies According to Tumor Site
Patients with cancer of the throat and who are positive for the human papillomavirus (HPV) have a good prognosis, but until now the effect of being HPV-positive on the prognosis of tumors located elsewhere in the head and neck was unknown. A new study presented at the 33rd Conference of the...
Phase I Trial of New Antibody-Drug Conjugate Shows Promise Against All Forms of Melanoma
A small clinical study of a new investigational antibody-drug conjugate called DEDN6526A in patients with metastatic or unresectable cutaneous, mucosal, or ocular melanoma has found the drug to be safe and tolerable and demonstrated early evidence of antitumor activity. The findings were presented...
New Test Developed to Detect Men at High Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence
A new genetic signature to identify prostate cancer patients who are at high risk of their cancer recurring after surgery or radiotherapy has been developed by researchers in Canada, according to a study presented at the 33rd Conference of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology in...
I-SPY 2 Results Identify Subset of Breast Cancer Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Neratinib
Findings from the I-SPY 2 randomized phase II clinical trial for women with newly diagnosed stage II breast cancer show that a neoadjuvant regimen containing the investigational drug neratinib, a pan-HER inhibitor, and standard chemotherapy is beneficial for patients with hormone...
Investigational Drug Demonstrates Early Promise in Metastatic Breast Cancer
The novel oral drug LY2835219, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6, showed early promise as monotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer, particularly for those with hormone receptor–positive disease, according to results of a phase I study presented at the...
Biomarker Identifies Melanoma Patients Who May Respond to Immunotherapy MK-3475
Among melanoma patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor MK-3475, those whose tumors had the protein PD-L1 had better immune responses and higher survival rates, according to results presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2014 in San Diego. When the protein...
Palbociclib Plus Letrozole Achieves Impressive Results in Metastatic Breast Cancer
First-line treatment with the combination of palbociclib plus letrozole extended progression-free survival by approximately 50% in patients with metastatic estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, according to final results of a randomized phase II study presented at the...
Tumor-Suppressor Gene TP53 Mutated in 90% of Osteosarcomas
The St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital–Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project found mutations in the tumor-suppressor gene TP53 in 90% of osteosarcomas, suggesting the alteration plays a key role early in development of the bone cancer. The study by Chen et al was...
Study Implicates SMARCA4 Gene as Key Player in Oncogenesis of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary
According to a new study, mutations in the SMARCA4 remodeling gene may play a key role in the development of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type. The findings by Ramos et al were published in Nature Genetics and suggest that loss of SMARCA4 expression may serve as a biomarker for...
Dose-Escalated Hypofractionated IMRT for Localized Prostate Cancer Has Similar Side Effects Compared to Conventional IMRT
Dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy with use of a moderate hypofractionation regimen (72 Gy in 2.4-Gy fractions) can safely treat patients with localized prostate cancer with limited grade 2 or 3 late toxicity, according to a study by Hoffman et al published in the International Journal ...
Findings of AURELIA Trial Support Consideration of Bevacizumab/Chemotherapy in Carefully Selected Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
The recently reported open-label phase III AURELIA trial showed that the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to chemotherapy resulted in significant improvements in progression-free survival, the primary study endpoint, and objective response rate in women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian...
