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Showing 21201 - 21250ESMO 2014: Afatinib Improves Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib (Gilotrif) was significantly superior to methotrexate as second-line therapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy, according to results of the LUX-Head & Neck 1 trial. The...
ESMO 2014: CLEOPATRA Study Shows ‘Unprecedented’ Survival With Dual HER2 Blockade in Metastatic Breast Cancer
In the final overall survival analysis of the phase III CLEOPATRA trial, patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients lived 15.7 months longer if they received pertuzumab (Perjeta) in addition to trastuzumab (Herceptin) and docetaxel, investigators reported at the ESMO 2014...
Boost in Plasma Levels of Chain Amino Acids Is Associated With Increased Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
In a recent study reported in Nature Medicine, scientists from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Harvard School of Public Health, among other institutions, investigated whether pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma produces metabolic changes that can be...
Subclinical Peripheral Neuropathy Is Common in Treatment-Naive Multiple Myeloma Patients, Correlates With Decreased Fingertip Innervation Density
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kosturakis et al found that the majority of patients with multiple myeloma had subclinical peripheral neuropathy prior to chemotherapy and that deficits corresponded with decreased fingertip innervation density. Study Details In the study,...
Soy Intake May Adversely Affect Gene Expression in Early Breast Cancer
In a randomized study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shike et al found that soy supplementation resulting in high genistein levels was associated with overexpression of the tumorigenic growth factor receptor FGFR2 and genes that drive cell cycle and proliferation...
European Phase III Trial Suggests Benefit of Thoracic Radiotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
In a European phase III trial reported in The Lancet, Slotman et al found benefits of thoracic radiotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer who had responded to chemotherapy and had received prophylactic cranial radiotherapy. Although thoracic radiotherapy did not...
Meta-Analysis Shows No Overall Survival Benefit of Six vs Fewer Planned Cycles of First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data reported in The Lancet Oncology, Rossi et al found no overall survival benefit with six vs fewer than six planned cycles of first-line platinum-based treatment in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A...
Continuous Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone Improves Progression-Free Survival in Transplant-Ineligible Patients With Myeloma
In the phase III FIRST trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Benboubker et al found that continuous lenalidomide (Revlimid) plus dexamethasone significantly improved progression-free survival vs melphalan/prednisone/thalidomide (Thalomid) in transplant-ineligible myeloma patients....
Safe Integration of Surgical Innovations Essential to Patient Safety: Study Evaluates Minimally-Invasive Radical Prostatectomy
In the introduction to a cohort study reported in JAMA Surgery, Parsons et al stated “Surgical innovations disseminate in the absence of coordinated systems to ensure their safe integration into clinical practice, potentially exposing patients to increased risk for medical error.” Their ...
Clinical Trials Investigate Treatment Options for Precursor Diseases to Multiple Myeloma
The availability of newer agents that have transformed treatment outcomes in multiple myeloma has naturally led to interest in studying these drugs earlier in precursor states, such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma. Recent evidence suggests that this may...
Pazopanib Maintenance Improves Progression-Free Survival in Ovarian Cancer, but Benefit Limited to Non–East Asian Patients
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, du Bois et al found that maintenance therapy with the VEGFR and PDGFR inhibitor pazopanib (Votrient) significantly prolonged progression-free survival vs placebo in women with ovarian cancer without progression after first-line...
Pilot Study Evaluates Concurrent Use of Sunitinib and Radiation Therapy in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
The combination of continuous daily-dosed sunitinib (Sutent) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy produced acceptable toxicity and “encouraging” 6-month progression-free survival in previously irradiated patients with recurrent high-grade glioma, according to the results...
Adding Pan-Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat to Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Improves Progression-Free Survival in Relapsed Myeloma
In the phase III PANORAMA1 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, San-Miguel and colleagues found that adding the pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat to bortezomib (Velcade) and dexamethasone improved progression-free survival in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple...
Preclinical Study Looks at RNA Polymerase I Inhibitor in Refractory AML and Multiple Myeloma
A laboratory study of the investigational drug CX-5461, which blocks the inhibition of RNA polymerase I transcription, has found that it prolonged survival in mouse models of highly aggressive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma refractory to standard therapy. In addition, the...
Search for Effective Regimens in Elderly Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma
As the U.S. population continues to age, oncologists will be faced with a growing number of elderly patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, but there is currently no consensus on how to treat this population. Regimens used to treat younger patients have too much toxicity for most older patients, and thus...
Major Depression Is Undertreated in Patients With Cancer
In a Scottish study reported in The Lancet Psychiatry, Walker et al assessed the prevalence and adequacy of treatment of major depression in patients with cancer of different primary sites. The prevalence of major depression ranged from 5.6% in patients with genitourinary cancers to 13.1% in those...
SMaRT Oncology-3 Trial Reports Collaborative Care Program Reduces Major Depression in Patients With Lung Cancer
In the SMaRT Oncology-3 study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Walker et al found that an integrated collaborative treatment program for depression (‘depression care for people with cancer’) was associated with significantly reduced severity of depression compared with usual care in...
Integrated Collaborative Care Program Highly Successful in Treating Major Depression in Patients With Cancer
In a Scottish study (SMaRT Oncology-2) reported in The Lancet, Sharpe, Walker et al found that an integrated collaborative treatment program for depression (‘depression care for people with cancer’) was associated with significantly higher depression response and remission rates...
Para-Aortic Lymph Node Radiation Increases Risk of Diabetes in Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors
Abdominal irradiation for childhood cancer has been associated with increased risk of diabetes. In a Dutch study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, van Nimwegen and colleagues assessed the relationship between infradiaphragm radiotherapy and risk of diabetes in long-term survivors of...
Male Pattern Baldness at Age 45 May Be Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer
In a prospective cohort study in the population of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, Zhou et al found that frontal plus moderate vertex baldness at age 45 is associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. The findings were reported in the...
mTOR Inhibitor Ridaforolimus Shows Activity in Advanced Endometrial Cancer
The oral mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus was modestly active and reasonably tolerated in women with recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer, according to the results of a phase II study reported in Gynecologic Oncology. Tsoref et al suggested that it may prove to be an effective therapeutic...
Improved Survival with Adjuvant FOLFOX vs Fluorouracil/Leucovorin After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a Korean phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hong et al found that adjuvant FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin) prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival vs 5-FU/leucovorin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had received neoadjuvant...
Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Mortality After Removal of Adenomas
There are few data available on long-term risk of colorectal cancer mortality after adenoma removal. In a Norwegian study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Løberg et al found that patients who had low-risk adenomas removed had lower colorectal cancer mortality risk and those...
ASTRO: Good Primary Tumor Control, Positive 5-Year Survival Rates for Lung Cancer Patients Who Receive Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Patients with inoperable, early-stage lung cancer who receive stereotactic body radiation therapy have a 5-year survival rate of 40%, according to long-term results presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s (ASTRO) 56th Annual Meeting (Abstract 56). Such a positive survival...
ASTRO: Long-Term Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Plus High-Dose Radiation Therapy Improves Biochemical Control and Survival Rates in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer patients who receive high-dose radiation therapy followed by a longer period of androgen-deprivation therapy have higher 5-year biochemical disease–free survival and overall survival rates compared to patients who receive high-dose radiation therapy and a shorter duration of...
Adding Cediranib to Olaparib Improves Progression-Free Survival and Increases Toxicity in Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian Cancer
In a randomized phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Liu et al found a significant improvement in progression-free survival and an increase in toxicity with the addition of the antiangiogenic agent cediranib (VEGFR-1,-2,-3 inhibitor) to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in women with recurrent ...
Anti-CD19 CAR T-Cell Treatment Effective in Chemotherapy-Refractory B-Cell Malignancies
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kochenderfer et al found that single infusions of autologous T cells expressing an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) produced responses in nearly all patients with chemotherapy-refractory CD19-positive B-cell malignancies, including...
Little Molecular Difference and No Prognostic Effect of Clinical HER2 Status in Context of Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtypes
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Prat et al found that there was little difference in downstream gene or protein expression according to intrinsic breast cancer subtypes among clinical HER2-positive vs -negative breast cancers and that clinical HER2 status did...
ASTRO: Radiation Therapy Does Not Increase Risk of Lymphedema in Node-Negative Breast Cancer
A secondary analysis of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-32 trial indicates that radiation therapy does not increase the incidence of lymphedema in patients with node-negative breast cancer, according to research presented at the American Society for Radiation...
ASTRO: Shorter Course of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Yields Improved Quality of Life for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients
Patients with high-risk prostate cancer who received radiation therapy and an 18-month course of androgen-deprivation therapy recovered a normal testosterone level in a shorter amount of time compared to those who received a 36-month course of androgen-deprivation therapy. The shorter course of...
ASTRO: Radiation Therapy Improves Survival in Patients With Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Patients with stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma who received consolidated radiation experienced improved 10-year survival rates, according to research presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 56th Annual Meeting (Abstract CT-08). The 10-year survival rate for patients who...
Genomic Analysis Reveals That a High-Risk Leukemia Subtype Becomes More Common With Age
More than one-quarter of young adults with the most common form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia have a high-risk subtype with a poor prognosis and may benefit from drugs widely used to treat other types of leukemia that are more common in adults, according to multi-institutional research led by St. ...
No Significant Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Ramucirumab to First-Line Docetaxel in Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In the phase III ROSE/TRIO-12 trial, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mackey et al found no significant improvement in investigator-assessed progression-free survival by adding the antiangiogenic VEGFR-2 inhibitor ramucirumab (Cyramza) to first-line docetaxel in women with...
Modeling Study Critical of Intensive Colonoscopy Screening in Medicare Population
A modeling study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine by van Hees and colleagues showed that colonoscopy screening at intervals shorter than 10 years or continuing past 75 years of age in the Medicare population is associated with a reduced net health benefit from a societal perspective. Study ...
Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses Produce Similar Rates of Local Tumor Recurrence
Recurrence-free survival rates were similar for patients with cT1 renal masses who underwent partial nephrectomy or percutaneous cryoablation, according to the results of a retrospective trial reported by Thompson et al in European Urology. However, metastases-free survival was superior for...
FDA Approves New Indication for Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new indication for the use of enzalutamide (Xtandi) capsules to treat patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The new indication is for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have not received...
Racial/Ethnic Barriers to Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Morrow et al found that breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer largely reflects patient demand, with the majority of women being satisfied with the decision-making process. However, black women were significantly less likely to have...
Baseline Vitamin D Not Associated With Survival in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in CALGB 80303/Alliance Trial
Preclinical data indicate a role of vitamin D metabolism in pancreatic tumor development. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Van Loon et al found that baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were not associated with progression-free survival or overall...
ALK Rearrangements Are Associated With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases
Compared with mutations in EGFR, KRAS, or with patients with no known mutations, ALK rearrangements were independently associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received radiotherapy for brain metastases, according to the results of a...
No Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to Cisplatin and Accelerated Radiotherapy in Stage III or IV Head and Neck Carcinoma
Use of cisplatin or cetuximab (Erbitux) with radiotherapy improves overall survival in stage III or IV head and neck carcinoma, and adding cetuximab to platinum therapy improves overall survival in metastatic disease. In the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0522 trial reported in...
Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy After Surgery Is an Effective Treatment for High-Risk Endometrial Cancer
Radiation therapy with concurrent paclitaxel chemotherapy following surgery is an effective treatment for high-risk endometrial cancer, according to a study reported by Cho et al in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics Endometrial...
ASCO and Cancer Care Ontario Release Clinical Practice Guideline for Systemic Therapy in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
The ASCO Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee and the Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) program in evidence-based care have released a clinical practice guideline on systemic therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The guideline is reported by Basch et al in the Journal of...
Olaparib Tablet Found Safe and Effective in Heavily Pretreated Patients With Ovarian Cancer
A phase Ib clinical trial of the tablet form of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer finds the drug to be safe and effective, especially in those women with BRCA gene mutations. The...
No Significant Difference in Time to Treatment Failure With Rituximab Retreatment vs Maintenance in Low-Tumor-Burden Follicular Lymphoma
Maintenance rituximab (Rituxan) has been shown to improve progression-free survival vs observation in low-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma. In the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) E4402 Trial (RESORT), reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kahl et al found no significant difference ...
Breast-Conserving Therapy Shows Survival Benefit Over Mastectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Hormone Receptor–Positive Disease
When factoring in what is now known about breast cancer biology and heterogeneity, breast-conserving therapy may offer a greater survival benefit over mastectomy to women with early-stage, hormone receptor–positive disease, according to research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer ...
Once-Weekly Breast Irradiation Following Lumpectomy Results in Better Compliance, Lower Costs, and Comparable Cosmetic Outcomes vs Daily Treatment
An experimental regimen of once-weekly breast irradiation following lumpectomy provides more convenience to patients at a lower cost, results in better completion rates of prescribed radiation treatment, and produces cosmetic outcomes comparable to the current standard of daily radiation. These...
Disparities Persist in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treatment
Despite its acceptance as standard of care for early-stage breast cancer almost 25 years ago, barriers still exist that preclude patients from receiving breast-conserving therapy, with some still opting for a mastectomy, according to research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center....
Novel Immunotherapy Vaccine Decreases Recurrence in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
A new breast cancer vaccine candidate, GP2, provides further evidence of the potential of immunotherapy in preventing disease recurrence. This is especially the case for high-risk patients when it is combined with a powerful immunotherapy drug. These findings were presented at the 2014 Breast...
Study Finds No Link Between Wearing a Bra and Breast Cancer
Despite conjecture in the lay media that wearing a bra may be a risk factor for breast cancer based on the potential for bras to interfere with lymph circulation and drainage, hampering the removal of waste and toxins, there were few scientific studies investigating the issue. Now, a new study by...
ASCO Issues New Guideline on Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Advanced HER2-Negative or Unknown HER2 Status Breast Cancer
The American Society of Clinical Oncology has released a new clinical practice guideline on chemotherapy and targeted therapy for women with advanced HER2-negative or unknown HER2 status breast cancer. The guideline is published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. In formulating the consensus...
