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Showing 2101 - 2150Alternative Mechanism of Action Suggested for Vemurafenib in Hairy Cell Leukemia With BRAF V600E Mutation
The finding that the BRAF V600E mutation is present in nearly all cases of hairy cell leukemia has resulted in the use of BRAF inhibitors to treat chemotherapy-resistant disease, with good responses to vemurafenib (Zelboraf) being observed. BRAF inhibition has been thought to result in...
Bladder Cancer Study Uncovers Potential Drug Targets and Molecular Similarities to Other Cancers
Investigators with The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network have identified new potential therapeutic targets for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, a common cancer that causes about 150,000 deaths worldwide each year. The researchers also found molecular similarities to some subtypes of breast,...
New Clues May Link Hereditary Cancer Genes to Increased Risk of Cancer From Alcohol
In laboratory experiments conducted on human cell lines at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, scientists have shown that people carrying certain mutations in two hereditary cancer genes, BRCA2 and PALB2, may have a higher than usual susceptibility to DNA damage caused by acetaldehyde, a ...
New Mathematical Model Helps Predict Tumor Evolution and Treatment Effectiveness
A study by Almendro et al analyzed breast cancer tumors before and after treatment for important characteristics, including chromosome copy number, the presence or absence of certain protein markers, and their proliferative capacity. The scientists then used the data to develop computational models ...
Good Results With Telephone Genetic Counseling for Breast and Ovarian Cancer
As genomic testing becomes more common, genetic counseling is increasingly performed via telephone. BRCA1/2 mutation carries increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. In a noninferiority study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schwartz et al compared genetic counseling for BRCA1/2...
Study Shows 20% of Women With Ovarian Cancer Have Inherited Genetic Mutations That Increase Risk of Disease
A large-scale genetic analysis of women with ovarian cancer with no known family histories of breast or ovarian cancer has found that one-fifth of them had inherited alterations in genes known to be associated with these cancers. The findings could lead to the development of better screening...
Seven-Gene Score Incorporating Methylation and Expression Distinguishes AML Risk Groups
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Marcucci et al assessed whether including epigenetic changes—ie, DNA methylation—as molecular risk factors could improve risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They found that a seven-gene score integrating DNA...
Recurrent Ovarian Cancers Respond to Cancer Vaccine After ‘Reprogramming’ With Decitabine
Treatment with the drug decitabine prior to administration of chemotherapy and a cancer vaccine yielded clinical benefit for women with recurrent ovarian cancer, suggesting that this combinatorial chemoimmunotherapy may provide a new treatment option for patients with the disease, according to a...
Grade 3 Endometrioid Carcinoma With PIK3CA Mutation Linked to Unfavorable Outcome
The presence of PIK3CA missense mutation appears to be associated with shorter disease-specific survival in grade 3 endometrioid but not serous endometrial carcinoma, according to a study in Gynecologic Oncology. Although McIntyre et al found this type of mutation across all histologic types of...
Interim Phase I/II Clinical Trial Data for VAL-083 Show Clinical Activity in Refractory Glioblastoma
Interim phase I/II clinical trial data for VAL-083—a bifunctional DNA alkylator that crosses the blood-brain barrier with preferential accumulation in brain tumor tissue—in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme were presented by Shih et al at the 4th Quadrennial Meeting of the ...
Epigenetic Modification of HAND2 May Be Associated With the Development of Endometrial Cancer
In a study reported in the journal PLoS One, Allison Jones, MD, of the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, and colleagues analyzed the functional role of epigenetic factors in endometrial cancer development. They found that HAND2 methylation...
Study Explains Cyclophosphamide’s Role in Preventing Graft-vs-Host Disease
Results of a Johns Hopkins study may explain why cyclophosphamide prevents graft-vs-host disease in people who receive bone marrow transplants. The experiments point to an immune system cell that evades the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide and protects patients from a lethal form of graft-vs-host...
Novel Oncogenetic Classifier Identifies Low- and High-Risk Patients With Adult T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
The Group for Research in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GRAALL) recently reported significantly better outcome in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) harboring NOTCH1 or FBXW7 (N/F) mutations, although relapse was still observed in one-third of patients with N/F-mutated T-cell ALL. In a ...
Novel Oral Agent Extends Survival in Relapsed/Refractory Colorectal Cancer, Phase II Study Shows
Hopes are high that TAS-102, a novel oral nucleoside agent, will turn out to be an advance in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, said Howard Hochster, MD, of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Program at Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, speaking at the Chemotherapy Foundation...
Shortened Telomeres in Blood Leukocytes May Be Associated With Increased Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Men with short-ended chromosomes in the immune cells in their blood were at increased risk for aggressive prostate cancer compared with men with long-ended chromosomes in blood immune cells, according to results presented at the 12th Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer...
Complete Sequencing of All Known Breast Cancer Genes Explains Occurrence of the Cancer in Women With Normal BRCA Genes
Since 1994, many thousands of women with breast cancer from families severely affected with the disease have been tested for inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, and the vast majority of those patients were told that their gene sequences were normal. With the development of modern genomics...
New Molecular Diagnostics Platform Enables Rapid Detection of BRAF V600 Mutations
A new diagnostic platform to detect BRAF mutations in melanoma and other cancer types is faster and more accurate compared with the standard method currently used in clinics, and this could help accelerate diagnosis and treatment, according to results presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International...
Robust Activity Shown for Investigational PARP Inhibitor BMN673 in BRCA-Related Cancers
In patients with heavily pretreated advanced BRCA-related breast and ovarian cancers, the investigational poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor BMN673 produced an objective response rate of more than 40% and delayed disease progression by more than 6 months, according to a multicenter phase ...
Most Common Tumors Are Driven by Two to Six DNA Mutations
A genetic analysis of 3,281 tumors from 12 cancer types, including breast, lung, endometrial, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian, colon, and acute myeloid leukemia, has found 127 significantly mutated genes that appear to be involved in either cancer initiation or progression. Although the average...
Researchers Identify Four Genetic Variants Linked to Esophageal Cancer and Barrett’s Esophagus
An international consortium co-led by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Australia has identified four genetic variants associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer and its precursor, Barrett’s esophagus. The...
No Benefit of Dose-Dense vs Standard Temozolomide in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma, MGMT Methylation Associated With Better Survival
Dose-dense temozolomide results in depletion of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)—a potential determinant of treatment response—in blood mononuclear cells and possibly in tumors. In a phase III trial (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 0525) reported in the Journal ...
Study Identifies Prognostic DNA Methylation Signature for Stage I NSCLC
There is an absence of biomarkers to indicate which patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) would best benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Juan Sandoval, PhD, of the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute in...
Oral CMX001 100 mg Twice Weekly Reduces Cytomegalovirus Events in Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Cell Transplants
The anti-cytomegalovirus agent CMX001 is an oral lipid acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that is absorbed in the small intestine and transported throughout the body as a phospholipid. It is converted intracellularly to cidofovir diphosphate, but unlike cidofovir, is not a substrate of organic ion...
ECC 2013: TP53 Status Predicts Benefit From Neoadjuvant Cetuximab in Rectal Cancer
In a retrospective analysis of the randomized phase II EXPERT-C trial presented at the European Cancer Congress 2013 (Abstract LBA7), TP53 emerged as a strong, independent predictive biomarker for the benefit of cetuximab (Erbitux) in high-risk, locally advanced rectal cancer, according to...
Telomere Length May Be a Prognostic Marker for Prostate Cancer
Cancer cells are known to have short telomeres, but just how short they are from cancer cell to cancer cell may be a determining factor in a prostate cancer patient's prognosis, according to a study led by scientists at Johns Hopkins. "Doctors are looking for new ways to accurately predict...
Antiviral Treatment Improves Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma have poor postoperative prognosis. In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jianhua Yin, MD, of the Second Military Medical University in Shanghai, and colleagues assessed the effects of nucleotide/nucleoside analog...
Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Associated With Favorable Prognosis in Proximal Tumors in Stage III Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant FOLFOX
In an analysis reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Frank A. Sinicrope, MD, of the Mayo Clinic and North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG), and colleagues investigated the association of deficient DNA mismatch repair with prognosis in patients with stage III colon cancer treated with...
Breast Cancer Treatment in 10 Years: George Sledge, MD, Offers His Predictions
In a keynote lecture during the 2013 Breast Cancer Symposium breast cancer expert and ASCO Past President George Sledge, MD, offered five predictions for the future of the medical management of breast cancer. Dr. Sledge is now Chief of Oncology at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto,...
New Ultrasensitive Screening Method Can Detect Colon Cancer in Its Early Stages
A new ultrasensitive screening method that detects genetic variations that initiate colon cancer and can help in the detection of the cancer in its early stages could be used for noninvasive colon cancer screening, according to a study by Bettina Scholtka, PhD, Assistant Professor in the Department ...
Germline Missense Mutations in BTNL2 Increase Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer
A team of researchers led by Janet Stanford, PhD, of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has discovered that mutations in the gene BTNL2, which encodes a protein involved in regulating T-cell proliferation and cytokine production—both of which impact immune function—increase the risk ...
Gene That Helps Control Aging Is Linked to Multiple Myeloma
A telomerase RNA component gene called TERC, which is responsible for regulating the length of caps on the ends of DNA molecules and believed to be involved in the aging process, has been linked to the development of multiple myeloma, according to a study published in Nature Genetics. Researchers...
‘Reprogrammed’ Treatment-Resistant Lymphomas Respond to Azacitidine
A phase I clinical trial showed diffuse large B-cell lymphomas resistant to chemotherapy can be reprogrammed to respond to treatment after being pretreated with drug azacitidine (Vidaza), according to a study published in Cancer Discovery. Patients whose lymphomas recur after initial chemotherapy...
NIH Scientists Visualize How Cancer Chromosome Abnormalities Form in Living Cells
For the first time, scientists have directly observed events that lead to the formation of a chromosome abnormality that is often found in cancer cells. The abnormality, called a translocation, occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to another chromosome. The results of...
Researchers Identify Gene Variations in Lung Cancer Patients That May Help Predict an Individual’s Treatment Response
Researchers at the Moffitt Cancer Center have identified four inherited genetic variants in patients with non–small cell lung cancer that can help predict survival and treatment response. Their findings, published in Carcinogenesis, could help lead to more personalized treatment options and...
Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Mutation Signature in Aristolochic Acid–Associated Upper Urinary Tract Cancer
Genomic sequencing experts at Johns Hopkins partnered with pharmacologists at Stony Brook University to reveal a striking mutational signature of upper urinary tract cancers caused by aristolochic acid, a plant compound contained in herbal remedies used for thousands of years to treat a variety of...
Dabrafenib Active in BRAF-600E/K Mutant Metastatic Melanoma
In a phase II study (BREAK-2) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Paolo A. Ascierto, MD, of Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, and colleagues assessed the activity of the mutated BRAF kinase inhibitor dabrafenib (Tafinlar) in patients with BRAF-V600E/K mutant metastatic...
Percentage of Cancers Linked to Viruses Potentially Overestimated
The results of a large-scale analysis of the association between DNA viruses and human malignancies suggest that many of the most common cancers are not associated with DNA viruses. The findings, published in the August issue of the Journal of Virology, challenge earlier studies suggesting that as...
Study Reveals Genes That Drive Glioblastoma
A team of researchers at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University Medical Center has identified 18 new genes responsible for driving glioblastoma multiforme, the most common—and most aggressive—form of brain cancer in adults. The study was published online...
Intratumoral IL-12 Injections Shrink Melanoma and Merkel Cell Tumors
Intratumoral injections of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12), facilitated in its delivery by electroporation, results in tumor regression in patients with both metastatic melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma, according to findings reported at the 2013 World Cutaneous Malignancies Congress...
Digital PCR Technology Detects Brain Tumor–associated Mutation in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have used digital versions of a standard molecular biology tool to detect a common tumor-associated mutation in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with brain tumors. In a report published in Molecular Therapy – Nucleic Acids, the...
Molecular Profiling Improves Classification of Nodal Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas
The differential diagnosis of the most common peripheral T-cell lymphoma subtypes is difficult. In a phase III diagnostic accuracy study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, MD, PhD, of the University of Bologna, and colleagues in the European T-cell Lymphoma Study Group...
Study Suggests Proteins Involved in Immunity May Be Responsible for Cancer-causing Mutations
A set of proteins involved in the body’s natural defenses produces a large number of mutations in human DNA, according to a study led by researchers at the National Institutes of Health. The findings, published in Nature Genetics, suggest that these naturally produced mutations are just as...
Whole-exome Sequencing of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel Provides a Genomic Resource for Cancer Biology and Systems Pharmacology
The NCI-60 cell lines, which represent cancers of lung, colon, brain, ovary, breast, prostate, and kidney as well as leukemia and melanoma, are the most frequently studied human tumor cell lines in cancer research and have generated the most extensive cancer pharmacology database worldwide. As...
Study Confirms Link Between High Blood Levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Increased Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer
A second large, prospective study by scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has confirmed the link between high blood concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Study Details Published online in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, the...
Critical Pathway in Cell Cycle May Lead to Cancer Development
A team of scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies has identified why disruption of a vital pathway in cell cycle control leads to the proliferation of cancer cells. Their findings on telomeres, published today in Molecular Cell, suggest a potential target for preventive measures...
Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma Linked to Shifts in Tumor Metabolism
Investigators in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network have uncovered a connection between how tumor cells use energy from metabolic processes and the aggressiveness of the most common form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Their findings demonstrate that normal...
Researchers Identify and Map Signaling Pathway from EGFR to MCM7 Protein
Researchers have discovered and mapped the signaling network between two previously unconnected proteins, exposing a link that, if broken, could cut off cancer cell growth at its starting point. A team led by scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported the tie between...
Global Alliance Is Formed to Share Genomic Data
This month, an international group of over 70 research and health-care organizations, academic centers, and medical societies, including ASCO, signed a letter of intent to form a global alliance to make medicine more effective by consolidating the world’s databases of genomic information. The ...
Abnormalities in New Molecular Pathway May Increase Breast Cancer Risk
A new molecular pathway involving the gene ZNF365 has been identified, and abnormalities in that pathway may predict worse outcomes for patients with breast cancer, according to data published in Cancer Discovery, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. “Genomic...
Metabolic Molecule Drives Growth of High-grade Glioma
A study led by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC – James) has identified an abnormal metabolic pathway that drives cancer cell growth in a particular glioblastoma...
