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Showing 16801 - 16850Liquid Biopsy Promotes Precision Medicine by Tracking Patient's Cancer
A team of researchers, including scientists from the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), has reported that analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can track how a patient's cancer evolves and responds to treatment. In a study published in Nature Communications, Muhammed Murtaza, PhD, ...
Experimental Drug Shown to Prevent Neuroblastoma in Preclinical Study
Australian scientists have identified a critical molecular “feedback loop” that helps initiate and drive neuroblastoma, a cancer of the nervous system in children that is triggered in embryonal nerve cells. This feedback loop massively accelerates cancer development. The research team...
Increasing Use of Preoperative Breast MRI Linked to Increased Postdiagnostic Imaging and Biopsy, Mastectomy, and Surgery Delay
In a Canadian population-based study reported in JAMA Oncology, Arnaout et al found that breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in preoperative evaluation of women with breast cancer and that its use is associated with increased likelihood of confirmatory breast imaging,...
PARP Inhibitor Olaparib Produces High Response Rate in Metastatic Prostate Cancer With DNA Repair Defects
In a phase II trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Mateo et al found that the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) produced a high response rate in patients with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with tumors exhibiting defects in DNA repair genes....
ABC3: Higher Insulin Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Advanced Breast Cancer
Patients with metastatic breast cancer who have higher insulin levels than normal, but are not diabetic, have a significantly worse prognosis compared with those who have normal insulin levels, according to data being presented (Abstract BP129) at the Advanced Breast Cancer Third International...
ABC3: Patients Speak Out Against 'Damaging Messages' About Metastatic Breast Cancer, Call for Inclusion in Discussion About Treatment Costs
Organizations that issue “damaging messages” about advanced breast cancer need to be identified and educated to change the way they talk about the disease, a patient told the Advanced Breast Cancer Third International Consensus Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, on November 5, 2015. In...
Few Oncology Drugs Approved on Surrogate Endpoints Currently Have Evidence of Survival Benefit
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Internal Medicine, Kim and Prasad found that few oncology drugs receiving FDA approval on the basis of surrogate endpoints currently have evidence of an overall survival benefit. In the study, all approvals from January 1, 2008, through December 31, ...
Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Appears Promising as First-Line Therapy for Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma, which is characterized by CD5-positive, CD23-negative follicular mantle B cells with t(11:14)(q13;q32) translocation and cyclin D1 overexpression, is generally incurable and associated with a median survival of between 4 and 5 years. Although front-line treatment for mantle...
Study Shows Wide Variation in Costs to Treat Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) researchers have described costs across the entire care process for low-risk prostate cancer—from the time a patient checks in for his first appointment to his post-treatment follow-up testing—using time-driven activity-based costing. For the ...
Only 1 in 5 U.S. Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Gets Key Blood Test at Diagnosis
Only 1 in 5 patients with pancreatic cancer in the United States receives a widely available, inexpensive blood test at diagnosis that can help predict relative outcome (compared to others with the same disease stage) and guide treatment accordingly, a Mayo Clinic study showed. People who test...
6-Year Incidence of Cardiac Events in NCCTG N9831/Alliance Adjuvant Trastuzumab Trial
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Advani et al, the cumulative incidence of cardiac events remained significantly higher at 6 years in breast cancer patients who received adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the NCCTG N9831/Alliance trial. However, few new congestive heart failure...
Researchers Discover SEC23B, Gene Associated With Cowden Syndrome, Contributes to Thyroid Cancer Risk
Cleveland Clinic researchers have discovered a gene associated with Cowden syndrome, an inherited condition that carries high risks of thyroid, breast, and other cancers, and a subset of noninherited thyroid cancers. These findings were published by Yehia et al in the American Journal of Human...
Stool DNA Test Accurate in Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Alaska Native People
Cologuard stool DNA testing for colorectal cancer was found to be an accurate noninvasive screening option for Alaska Native people, a population with one of the world's highest rates of colorectal cancer, concluded researchers from the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and Mayo Clinic. The...
Chemoradiotherapy Survival Benefit in Elderly Patients With Limited-Stage SCLC
In a population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Corso et al found that chemoradiotherapy was associated with an overall survival benefit vs chemotherapy in elderly patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Study Details The study involved National Cancer ...
American Cancer Society Report Finds Rising Rates of Breast Cancer Among African American Women, Especially in Southern States
Although white women have historically had higher incidence rates of breast cancer than African American women, a new report by the American Cancer Society (ACS) finds that, in 2012, the rates converged. The incidence rates were significantly higher in black women than in white women in seven...
Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Boosts Survival by More Than 75% in Preclinical Models
A new study in mice by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has found that a specialized type of immunotherapy—even when used without chemotherapy or radiation—can boost survival from pancreatic cancer by more than 75%. The findings are promising, and human clinical...
Exercise Could Provide a Margin of Safety for Women Who Want to Delay Preventive Mastectomy
Regular physical activity could play a role in helping women at high-risk of breast cancer delay the need for drastic preventive measures such as prophylactic mastectomy, according to new research led by the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Results of the WISER Sister...
Study Identifies Splicing Alterations That Enable Resistance to CD19 CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy
Although the CD19 antigen expressed on most B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) can be targeted with chimeric antigen receptor–armed T cells (CART-19), relapse rates among pediatric and adult patients with the cancer remain high. In this study by Sotillo et al, the researchers...
Reduced Relapse but No Quality-of-Life Benefit With ATRA/Arsenic Trioxide vs ATRA/Idarubicin in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
In a UK-based phase III trial (AML17) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Burnett et al found that a chemotherapy-free regimen of arsenic trioxide plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) did not improve quality of life, the primary endpoint, vs ATRA plus idarubicin in patients with acute promyelocytic...
Good Outcome With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Local Excision in Clinical T2,N0 Distal Rectal Cancer
In a multi-institutional phase II trial (ACOSOG Z6041) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Garcia-Aguilar et al found that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and local excision was associated with an acceptable disease-free survival rate, albeit not so high as anticipated, in patients with clinical stage...
ASCO Calls for Comprehensive Payment Reform to Address Issue of Site Neutrality
ASCO has called for comprehensive physician payment reform to support the full scope of services required by patients with cancer, rather than jeopardizing patient outcomes by reducing the available resources in a particular cancer care setting in an effort to achieve "site neutrality" in...
National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship Honors Richard Pazdur, MD, and Ellen Goodman
On October 21 in Washington, DC, the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS) hosted a reception to honor Richard Pazdur, MD, and Ellen Goodman. Special guest Robert M. Califf, MD, Deputy Commissioner for Medical Products and Tobacco at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),...
ASTRO 2015: Pediatric Patients With Ependymoma Have Favorable Outcomes With Immediate Postsurgical Radiation Therapy
Outcomes for pediatric patients as young as 12 months old with ependymoma who are treated with immediate postoperative radiation therapy are favorable and consistent, based upon tumor surgical resection and tumor grade, according to research presented by Merchant et al (Abstract 1) on October...
ASTRO 2015: Patients With Intermediate-Risk Meningiomas Who Receive Postoperative Radiotherapy Have a 96% 3-Year Progression-Free Survival
Patients with intermediate meningiomas treated with radiation therapy after surgery experienced a 96% 3-year progression-free survival rate and had minimal adverse events, according to research presented by Rogers et al October 21, 2015, at the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s...
ASTRO 2015: Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for 2 Years After Radiotherapy Improves Disease-Free Survival in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
A long-term follow-up of RTOG 9202 indicated that for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, an additional 24 months of long-term androgen-deprivation therapy after radiation therapy plus short-term androgen-deprivation therapy improved disease-free survival by 60%, compared to patients...
ASTRO 2015: Involved-Field Irradiation for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Reduces Toxicity Without Increasing Locoregional Lymph Node Recurrence
For patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes, radiation therapy that targets only the involved lymph node regions results in less toxicity without causing a statistically significant difference in locoregional lymph node recurrence, distant failure, and...
ASTRO 2015: Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Causes Less Inflammation Than 3D Conformal Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients
Patients with stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) have 44% fewer cases of severe pneumonitis and improved likelihood of completing consolidative chemotherapy after radiation, compared to patients who receive three-dimensional...
ASTRO 2015: Coordinated Radiation Therapy and Palliative Care Based on Patient Feedback Lead to Better Quality of Life, Reduced Health-Care Costs
A collaborative, patient-reported outcome–based approach by palliative care and radiation oncology teams results in better outpatient symptom management and a decrease in end-of-life hospitalizations and costs for late-stage cancer patients, according to research presented by Read et al...
ASTRO 2015: Frequent Post-Treatment Follow-up by Advance Practice Nurses Improves Care for Patients With High-Risk Head and Neck Cancer
For high-risk patients who receive chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer, frequent follow-up appointments conducted by advance practice nurses (APNs) in a clinical outpatient setting allowed for more intensive symptom management, resulting in fewer post-treatment emergency room visits and...
Study Compares Maintenance Strategies After First-Line Oxaliplatin/Fluoropyrimidine/Bevacizumab in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a German noninferiority phase III trial (AIO 0207) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hegewisch-Becker et al found that maintenance treatment with bevacizumab (Avastin) was noninferior to a fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab in time to maintenance strategy failure following first-line treatment...
ASTRO 2015: Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation With Brachytherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery Is as Effective as Whole-Breast Irradiation
For some early-stage breast cancer patients, accelerated partial-breast irradiation using multicatheter brachytherapy following breast-conserving surgery may be an excellent treatment option, as it has now been proven to be as effective as the current standard treatment—whole-breast...
ASTRO 2015: Reduced-Intensity Chemoradiotherapy May Be as Effective as Current Standard for Patients With HPV-Related Oropharynx Cancer
For some patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer of the tonsils and tongue, reduced-intensity radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be as effective as standard-dose radiation and chemotherapy, and result in fewer acute side effects, according to research presented by Chera et al...
ASTRO 2015: Subset of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Achieves Clinical Benefit From Combination of Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Immunotherapy combined with palliative radiation therapy for a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma reduces the growth and spread of the cancer, according to research presented by Hiniker et al (Abstract 215) on October 20, 2015 at the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s...
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Receives FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Pfizer announced that the investigational antibody-drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin received Breakthrough Therapy designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Breakthrough Therapy designation was based on the results of the phase III...
Three-Gene Signaling Network Found to Have a Role in Neuroblastoma
Researchers have discovered details of the abnormal molecular signals and biologic events that drive a high-risk form of the childhood cancer neuroblastoma. They aim to use these findings to develop more effective targeted treatments. “As we improve our knowledge of different biologic...
Researchers Link Immunosuppressive Mycophenolate Mofetil to Increased Risk of Central Nervous System Lymphoma
A study led by Johns Hopkins researchers has linked the immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil to an increased risk of central nervous system lymphoma in solid organ transplant patients. But the same study also found that another class of immunosuppressive drugs, calcineurin inhibitors, given ...
Five-Gene Signature May Help Predict Survival Outcomes for Some Children With Rhabdomyosarcoma
Among children with intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma that is negative for a fusion gene, those who had a high score for expression of a specific gene signature called MG5 had poorer survival outcomes compared with those who had a low MG5 score, according to a study published by Hingorani et al in ...
Study Examines Links Between Viral and Bacterial Microbial Signatures and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Cancer is the result of normal cellular functions going wildly awry on a genetic level. That fact has been known for some time, but increasing evidence is showing that the human microbiome, the diverse population of microorganisms within every person, may play a key role in either setting the stage ...
Anticancer Effects of Drugs Overestimated by as Much as 45% in Preclinical Animal Studies
Badly designed studies may lead to the efficacy of drugs being overestimated and money being wasted on trials that prove fruitless, according to new a study from McGill University in Montreal. The findings, published by Henderson et al in eLife, highlight the importance of ensuring that other...
Aggressive End-of-Life Care More Frequent Among Black Than White Men With End-Stage Prostate Cancer
A study to examine racial disparities in end-of-life care among black and white patients dying of prostate cancer found that “significant racial disparities in end-of-life care" do exist. “Although diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are less frequent in black patients with...
Study Finds Use of Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation Has Stagnated
Accelerated partial-breast irradiation was designed to be a faster, more convenient, and potentially safer way for many women with breast cancer to reduce their mortality risk and help keep their cancer from returning after surgery. But a new study shows that despite the availability of accelerated ...
Half-Matched Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients May Tolerate Transplantation Just as Well as Fully Matched Recipients
Bone marrow transplantation is a lifesaving therapy for many patients with blood cancers like leukemias and lymphomas. Currently, the gold standard blood-generating stem cells are obtained from a donor, most likely a sibling, with a perfect match to the patient in order to minimize the chance of...
A Tolerant Immune System May Increase Cancer Risk
For a malignant tumor to form, cancer cells must evade the immune system's attack. Numerous studies have already shown that cancer spreads particularly aggressively if there is an unfavorable balance between suppressing and active immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. “But we didn't...
12-Year Ipsilateral Breast Invasive Recurrence in 7.5% to 13.4% of Women With Low-Risk DCIS Receiving Surgical Excision Without Radiation
As reported by Solin et al in Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12-year results from the ECOG-ACRIN E5194 trial indicate that among women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with low-risk clinical and pathologic characteristics, surgical excision without radiation therapy was associated with...
Surgical Resection Prolongs Survival for Patients Whose Melanoma Has Spread to the Abdomen
Surgical removal of melanoma that has metastasized to the abdomen appears to help patients live more than twice as long as those who receive only medical therapy, according to study results presented at the 2015 Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons. In more than 1,600 patients...
Many Patients Do Not Accurately Recall Important Colonoscopy Details as Time Lapses
As time lapses, many patients who have undergone a colonoscopy become less and less likely to recall when and where they last had the procedure performed, who the doctor was who performed it, whether polyps were found, and, if so, the number and size of those polyps, according to new study results...
Unilateral Mastectomy Is a More Cost-Effective Treatment for Sporadic Cancer in One Breast Than Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy
For younger women with early-stage, noninherited breast cancer on one side, a unilateral mastectomy leads to a slightly higher quality of life and lower costs over the next 20 years compared with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, according to new study results presented at the 2015 Annual...
All Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer May Be at Increased Risk Regardless of Age at Diagnosis of Index Patient
All relatives of individuals with colorectal cancer are at increased risk for this cancer, regardless of the age of diagnosis of the index patient in the family, according to a study published by Samadder et al in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. These findings may impact future guidelines ...
Palliative Care 2015: Panel Presents Recommendations to Improve Primary Palliative Care Services in Medical Oncology
When integrated into routine oncology care, palliative care can improve symptom burden, quality of life, and patient and caregiver satisfaction. However, because the number of palliative care specialists in the United States is too small to meet the number of patients requiring palliative care, the ...
Palliative Care 2015: Collaboration Between Radiation Oncologists and Palliative Care Specialists Improves Care for Patients With Advanced Cancer
An innovative service model that partners radiation oncology with palliative care leads to better results for patients, according to a new analysis. The model of care, established at Mount Sinai Medical Center, is one of only a handful in the country. The study (Abstract 110) will be presented at...
