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Showing 1551 - 1600Study Finds Nearly 10% of Cancer Survivors Continue to Smoke Years After Diagnosis
Despite the fact that smoking increases the probability of cancer recurrence and reduces survival time, many cancer survivors continue to smoke. In a new study, nearly 1 in 10 cancer survivors reported being current smokers 9 years after their diagnosis, and 83% were daily smokers averaging about...
Results of Genomic Analysis Suggest Strategy for Overcoming Ibrutinib Resistance in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Although the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) has shown unprecedented clinical activity in mantle cell lymphoma, about 32% of patients do not respond to the drug and majority of responders eventually relapse. Genomic sequencing of tumor and healthy tissue from patients...
Combination Afatinib and Cetuximab Yields Benefit in Lung Cancer Patients Resistant to EGFR Inhibitors
A phase Ib study has found that a combination of the EGFR-targeted agents afatinib (Gilotrif) and cetuximab (Erbitux) yielded clinical responses in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer that had stopped responding to the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib (Tarceva) and gefitinib (Iressa). The combination...
Study Defines Four Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Investigators of The Cancer Genome Atlas project have developed a molecular classification that divides gastric cancer into four major genomic subtypes, according to a study published in Nature. They include (1) tumors positive for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that display recurrent PIK3CA...
Gene Signature May Predict Which Breast Cancer Patients Will Benefit From Tamoxifen
A novel approach using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in combination with RNA expression data has identified a gene called USP9X that may predict which patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer will benefit from tamoxifen therapy after surgery. The gene signature the researchers...
Study Compares Tamoxifen Gel Applied to the Breast With Oral Tamoxifen in Women With DCIS
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial comparing the antiproliferative effect of transdermal 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel (4-OHT), a potent antiestrogenic metabolite of tamoxifen, applied to the breast and oral tamoxifen in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), has found the...
Multidimensional Analysis Provides More Accurate Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Using a multidimensional platform that combined nanofluidic technology for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry for protein analysis, researchers at the Danbury Hospital Biomedical Research Institute were able to accurately predict...
New Screening Approach Identifies Cancer Mutations in Melanoma That May Lead to More Effective Immunotherapies
Although cancer immunotherapy with adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes represents an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma, the antigen targets recognized by these effective tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes remain unclear. According to a new study, a novel...
American College of Physicians Issues Guideline Recommending Against Routine Pelvic Exams for Asymptomatic Women
A new evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians (ACP) is recommending that physicians should not offer routine pelvic examinations to asymptomatic, average-risk, nonpregnant women. The recommendation stems from a review of 52 published articles from 1946...
Daily Low-Dose Aspirin Use May Reduce Risk of Developing Pancreatic Cancer
Men and women who took low-dose aspirin regularly had a 48% reduction in their risk of developing pancreatic cancer, according to a new study. In addition, the longer a person started taking low-dose aspirin, the greater the benefit, ranging from 48% reduction in people who started 3 years before...
Combining Multiple Imaging Approaches Can Better Distinguish Malignant and Benign Breast Tumors and Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies
A new study found that an imaging technique called multiparametric 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (18FDG PET-MRI), which combines four imaging approaches, can better distinguish malignant breast tumors from those that are benign, compared with imaging...
Priming Pancreatic Cancer Cells With a Vaccine May Allow Them to Respond to Immunotherapy
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is considered a “nonimmunogenic” neoplasm and does not typically respond to immunotherapy, in part due to a complex tumor microenvironment that provides a formidable barrier to immune infiltration and function. A new study by Lutz et al has found that by ...
Study Identifies Two Proteins as Markers of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer
A study by researchers from Danbury Hospital Biomedical Research Institute in Connecticut has found that patients with ovarian cancer who relapse shortly after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to shrink their tumor prior to surgery have high levels of expression of HGF and c-Met proteins. The...
Survivors of Childhood Cancers Experience Frequent Hospitalizations Years After Cancer Treatment
Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors often face ongoing health problems that require frequent and long hospital stays many years after their cancer diagnosis and treatment, according to a new study by Kirchhoff et al published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Survivors of...
Five or More Blistering Sunburns in Early Life May Raise Melanoma Risk by 80%
According to a large study of Caucasian women investigating chronic sun exposure over long durations in adulthood and sun exposure in early life, those who had at least five blistering sunburns when they were 15 to 20 years old had a 68% increased risk for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell...
Analysis Shows Advertising by Cancer Centers Frequently Evokes Hope and Fear, but Provides Little Information
In a recent study in Annals of Internal Medicine, Vater et al analyzed the content of 409 unique clinical advertisements on television and in magazines placed by 102 cancer centers in 2012. The researchers assessed each ad for types of clinical services promoted, information provided about...
The Cancer Community Mourns the Passing of Selma Schimmel
The cancer community is mourning the death of Selma Schimmel who passed away on May 21, 2014, from malignant psoas syndrome, a complication of ovarian cancer. Ms. Schimmel died at Providence Tarzana Medical Center near her home in Los Angeles, California. She was 59. A tireless and fierce advocate ...
Early Study Shows Improved Survival With Radioimmunotherapy/Gemcitabine Combination in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Cancer
A randomized phase Ib study of a combination of low radiosensitizing doses of gemcitabine and fractionated doses of 90Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal cancer who had received at least two prior systemic therapies, has found a significant survival advantage in...
Blocking CD47 Signals May Offer New Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Two preclinical studies of tumor samples taken from 39 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and 39 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has found that for both these pancreatic cancers, CD47 is expressed at elevated levels on the cells that make up the bulk of the tumors and on...
Carcinogens Found in Water Pipe Smoking May Increase Risk for Cancer
Researchers investigating the effects of water pipe smoking on the health of young adults have found elevated levels of nicotine, cotinine, tobacco-related cancer-causing agents, and volatile organic compounds, including benzene and acrolein, in the urine of users. Given the significant intake of...
Necitumumab Plus Chemotherapy Shows Overall Survival Benefit in Patients With Squamous NSCLC
In the large phase III SQUIRE trial of necitumumab (IMC-11F8) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients with stage IV metastatic disease showed a statistically significant improvement in overall...
Epigenetically Reprogrammed Cells Generate Functional Cord Blood Stem Cells for Transplantation
The use of cord blood cells as hematopoietic stem cell grafts for patients with hematologic malignancies receiving an allogeneic stem cell transplant has been limited to children due to the small number of stem cells present in a single cord blood collection. The result of these limitations has...
Phase I Study Finds Novel Antibody Shows Promise in Children With Advanced Neuroblastoma
Researchers from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital conducted a phase I study of hu14.18K322A, an experimental monoclonal antibody genetically engineered at the hospital, in 38 children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma. The patients received escalating doses of hu14.18K322A...
Researchers Identify Enzymes Associated With Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer
Inhibiting enzymes that cause changes in gene expression could decrease chemotherapy resistance in patients with ovarian cancer, according to research by Cacan et al. The study investigated the silencing of RGS10 expression in ovarian cells by epigenetics and identified two epigenetic regulators,...
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer, Study Finds
A study investigating vitamin D status and prostate cancer diagnosis in high-risk men has found an association between vitamin D deficiency and aggressive prostate cancer. The study enrolled 667 men, ages 40 to 79 years, who were undergoing their first prostate biopsy following an abnormal...
Computational Model Can Predict Therapy Outcomes in Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastasis
Active prostate cancer cells in the bone environment can disrupt the bone remodeling process, promoting a “vicious cycle” of extensive bone destruction and formation that yields nutrients allowing prostate cancer cells to grow. To simulate this complex biologic process, researchers have ...
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Proves Effective in Women With HIV
Women infected with HIV are disproportionally affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anogenital disease, particularly with increased immunosuppression. In a clinical study of 319 HIV-infected women in the United States, Brazil, and South Africa, researchers assessed the immunogenicity and...
Chronic Inflammation in Benign Prostate Tissue Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer
An analysis of prostate tissue biopsies collected from participants in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) has found that those whose benign prostate tissue had chronic inflammation had 1.78 times higher odds of having prostate cancer, and 2.24 times higher odds of having ...
Novel Blood-Based Biomarkers May Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response
Researchers have developed a quantitative multiplexed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay called cMethDNA for a panel of 10 breast cancer–specific genes. The blood-based assay was found to be highly sensitive in detecting advanced breast cancer and monitoring tumor burden and ...
High Prediagnosis BMI Is a Predictor for Poor Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients, Overriding Tumor Marker Linked to Better Prognosis
A large prospective study of patients with invasive colorectal cancer has found that higher body mass index 2 years before diagnosis increased risk of all-cause mortality after diagnosis, even in patients whose tumors harbored a marker that is usually associated with better prognosis. The...
Investigational Bromodomain Inhibitor Shows Clinical Activity in Some Blood Cancers
The results from a phase I study of a new investigational epigenetic therapy called OTX015, a small-molecule inhibitor that blocks the activity of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET)-bromodomain proteins, is showing clinical activity in some blood cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. The study ...
Phase I Trial of New Antibody-Drug Conjugate Shows Promise Against All Forms of Melanoma
A small clinical study of a new investigational antibody-drug conjugate called DEDN6526A in patients with metastatic or unresectable cutaneous, mucosal, or ocular melanoma has found the drug to be safe and tolerable and demonstrated early evidence of antitumor activity. The findings were presented...
I-SPY 2 Results Identify Subset of Breast Cancer Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Neratinib
Findings from the I-SPY 2 randomized phase II clinical trial for women with newly diagnosed stage II breast cancer show that a neoadjuvant regimen containing the investigational drug neratinib, a pan-HER inhibitor, and standard chemotherapy is beneficial for patients with hormone...
Long-Term Study Finds Fertility Drugs Do Not Increase Breast Cancer Risk
A large study of over 12,000 women who took clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins for the treatment of infertility has found no increase in breast cancer risk over 30 years of follow-up, compared with women who were not treated with these medications. The study by Brinton et al is published in Cancer ...
DNA Test Can Help Predict Bladder Cancer Recurrence
A DNA methylation marker test performed on patients with noninvasive urothelial carcinoma can predict tumor recurrence with high sensitivity and specificity, according to a study by Su et al. The findings may help eliminate costly and unnecessary invasive exams and reveals the importance of DNA...
FDA Panel Endorses Stool-Based DNA Colon Cancer Test
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) committee of genetic experts has determined that Cologuard, a stool-based DNA, noninvasive screening test for colorectal cancer, has demonstrated safety, effectiveness, and a favorable risk-benefit profile. The FDA is now considering the...
Long-Term Use of Valproic Acid May Reduce the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer
The antiseizure medication and mood stabilizer valproic acid was associated with a significant reduction in head and neck cancer risk, according to a study recently published in Cancer. The large retrospective cohort study by Kang et al was conducted to evaluate the effects of the drug, a histone...
Study Finds Oncologists Have Mixed Attitudes on the Use of Genomic Testing
While many cancer researchers believe that predictive somatic genomic testing holds the potential to usher in the era of precision medicine for patients with cancer, research by Gray et al suggests that not all physicians are eager to embrace the technology. The variation in attitudes was in part...
ASCO Issues Updated Recommendations for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
A review by ASCO’s Update Committee of new data from randomized clinical trials has led to a change in recommendations for the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. The updated guideline will enable more women with early-stage breast cancer to avoid the ...
No Mortality Benefit From Primary Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Most Men With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer
A large retrospective cohort study by Potosky et al of 15,170 men with early-stage prostate cancer has found that patients who received androgen deprivation as their primary treatment instead of surgery or radiation did not live any longer than those who received no curative-intent treatment. Men...
Report Shows More Screening Has Led to a 30% Drop in Colon Cancer Rates
Findings from a report by Siegel et al of the American Cancer Society (ACS) show that the rate at which people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States has dropped by 30% in the last 10 years among people aged 50 years and older. The researchers say the decline in incidence is due...
Lab Study Finds Pancreatic Cancer Growth Is Slowed by Blocking the Hhat Enzyme
The overexpression of Hedgehog family proteins contributes to the development of many cancers. Research by Konitsiotis et al has found that blocking the function of the Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) enzyme slows the growth and spread of pancreatic cancer. Targeting inhibition of the Hedgehog...
Patient With Bladder Cancer Shows Exceptional Response to Everolimus/Pazopanib Combination
A phase I study by Wagle et al of a combination of everolimus and pazopanib in patients with advanced solid tumors has identified a patient with bladder cancer who had a 14-month complete response. The patient had two concurrent mutations in mTOR, the target of everolimus (Afinitor), which may have ...
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Linked to Other Cancers, Especially in Young Survivors
A study by Ong et al has found that people who had nonmelanoma skin cancer were at an increased risk for subsequently developing melanoma and a spectrum of 29 other cancer types. The risk was especially high among people who develop nonmelanoma skin cancer before the age of 25. The findings are...
Study Finds More Hospital Deaths and Invasive Care for Terminal Cancer Patients Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy
Patients with terminal cancer who receive chemotherapy during the last months of their lives are less likely to die where they want and more likely to endure invasive medical procedures than those who do not receive chemotherapy, according to a study by Wright et al published in BMJ. The findings...
Blood Test Could Improve Treatment for Children With Late-Stage Neuroblastoma
Research by Viprey et al has found that the detection of neuroblastoma mRNAs in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates from children diagnosed with stage IV neuroblastoma are independent predictors of event-free survival and overall survival. Their findings could help identify children with...
Study Finds Possible New Gene Target for Lung Cancer
Researchers have identified a potential new gene mutation that may drive lung cancer development and growth. In a study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by Imielinski et al, a patient with advanced lung cancer who was found to have the ARAF S214Csomatic gene mutation achieved nearly a...
African Americans Have Higher Prevalence of Multiple Myeloma Precursor Than Whites and Hispanics
A large population-based study by Landgren et al has found that African Americans are more likely to have a higher prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor to the development of multiple myeloma, compared with whites or Hispanics. The study is published...
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Develops Prioritized Research Agenda for the Management of DCIS
There is currently a lack of reliable methods for distinguishing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that would never become symptomatic from DCIS that is likely to progress to life-threatening invasive cancer. Spurred by uncertainty about the optimal clinical management of DCIS, researchers have...
Unilateral Radiotherapy for Advanced Tonsil Cancer Yields Favorable Outcome
New research suggests that it is safe to limit radiation therapy to lymph nodes on only one side of the neck for lateralized tonsil cancer. In addition, the study findings show that primary tumor location, rather than the amount of lymph node involvement on the tumor side of the neck, drives the...
