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Showing 10251 - 10300ASCO 2015: NCI-MATCH Trial Links Targeted Drugs to Genetic Abnormalities
Investigators for the nationwide trial NCI-MATCH: Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice announced at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting in Chicago that the precision medicine trial will open to patient enrollment in July. The trial seeks to determine whether targeted therapies for people whose tumors...
ASCO 2015: ASCO Announces First-Ever Clinical Trial
ASCO announced its first-ever clinical trial, which will offer patients with advanced cancer access to molecularly targeted cancer drugs and collect “real-world” data on clinical outcomes, to help learn the best uses of these drugs outside of indications approved by the U.S. Food and...
ASCO 2015: Second-Line Afatinib Improves Overall Survival vs Erlotinib in Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
In a phase III head-to-head trial comparing the safety and efficacy of two EGFR-directed treatments, afatinib (Gilotrif) treatment resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival over erlotinib (Tarceva) in patients with previously treated advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung....
ASCO 2015: Phase III Study Finds Nivolumab Improves Progression-Free Survival, Especially When Combined With Ipilimumab, in Advanced Melanoma
A randomized phase III trial among patients with previously untreated melanoma found that initial therapy with nivolumab (Opdivo) alone more than doubled the median progression-free survival compared with ipilimumab (Yervoy) alone (6.9 vs 2.9 months), and the benefit was even greater when the two...
ASCO 2015: Variations in Liver Cancer Attributable to Hepatitis Virus Variations
Significant clinical variations exist among patients with the most common type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, depending on the viral cause of the disease—hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). These differences suggest that hepatitis status should be considered when...
ASCO 2015: Pembrolizumab Produces Clinically Meaningful Response in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Immunotherapy with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) produced a clinically meaningful overall response rate in a study among 132 patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The overall objective response rate was 24.8%, and 57% of patients experienced some tumor...
Breast Cancer Subtype Incidence in the United States for 2011
The current annual report of cancer statistics by the American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries includes a focus on breast cancer incidence by subtype using new national-level data. The ...
Vismodegib Safety Profile in Long-Term ‘Real-World’ Use in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma
In a preplanned interim analysis of the international open-label STEVIE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Basset-Seguin et al have provided safety data and efficacy outcomes with the use of vismodegib (Erivedge) for 1 year in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma. STEVIE was designed to...
Minority of Medicare Patients Have Adequate Cardiac Monitoring During Adjuvant Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chavez-MacGregor et al found that the majority of older breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab (Herceptin)-based chemotherapy do not receive adequate cardiac monitoring. Study Details The study involved 2,203 patients aged ≥...
ASCO Releases Proposal for Payment Reform to Support Higher-Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care
Expanding on the Consolidated Payments for Oncology Care (CPOC) payment model circulated last year to improve the quality and affordability of care for patients with cancer, ASCO’s new Patient-Centered Oncology Payment: Payment Reform to Support Higher Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care...
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Placebo Reduce Aromatase Inhibitor–Related Musculoskeletal Pain in Early Breast Cancer
In the SWOG S0927 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hershman et al found that both omega-3 fatty acids and placebo resulted in marked persistent reductions in aromatase inhibitor–related arthralgia among patients with early breast cancer, with no difference between...
AUA 2015: Studies Evaluate Effectiveness of Active Surveillance in Prostate Cancer Patients
Active surveillance has become a viable option for many men with low-risk prostate cancer who choose not to undergo active treatment such as surgery or radiotherapy. Four studies evaluating effectiveness, trends, and other considerations for active surveillance in managing prostate cancer were...
American College of Physicians Offers Advice on High-Value Screening in Five Cancers
To provide guidance on high-value cancer care screening strategies, the American College of Physicians (ACP) recently reviewed clinical guidelines issued by various medical organizations for screening strategies in five common cancers for asymptomatic, average-risk adults. The five cancers focused...
ASCO 2015: Experimental Immunotherapy Shows High Response Rate in Advanced Lung Cancer
An early-phase study testing the anti–PD-L1 agent MPDL3280A in combination with standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has provided promising early results, prompting multiple phase III studies in lung cancer. The findings are being...
Breast Density Should Not Be the Only Criterion for Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening
A large prospective study investigating the association between dense breast tissue and the risk for interval breast cancer has found that breast density alone should not be the sole criterion for recommending supplemental breast imaging, because not all women with dense breasts have high interval...
Combining Ixabepilone and Bevacizumab Appears Safe and Effective in Recurrent Uterine and Ovarian Cancers
In patients with recurrent/persistent uterine or ovarian/primary peritoneal/fallopian tube cancers, ixabepilone (Ixempra), especially with the addition of biweekly bevacizumab (Avastin), appears to be safe and effective, according to a study by Roque et al in Gynecologic Oncology. Further...
Dutch Analysis Questions Breast Cancer Protective Effect of Salpingo-Oophorectomy in Healthy BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
In a Dutch study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Heemskerk-Gerritsen et al in the Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in the Netherlands (HEBON) study group found no apparent reduction in the risk for breast cancer with salpingo-oophorectomy in healthy BRCA1/2 mutation...
Frequent Aspirin Use Reduces Risk of Cervical Cancer by Nearly Half
Long-term and frequent use of aspirin is associated with significantly decreased risk of cervical cancer, according to a study led by researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute and published by Friel et al in the Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. Study Findings Aspirin use was associated...
Nilotinib Inferior to Imatinib in First-Line Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic GIST
In the phase III ENESTg1 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Blay et al found that nilotinib (Tasigna) was associated with poorer progression-free survival vs imatinib (Gleevec) as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Trial...
Study Identifies Factors Contributing to Disparities in Cancer Treatment Based on HIV Status
A survey sent to medical and radiation oncologists to identify factors contributing to observed disparities in cancer treatment between patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those not infected found that 21% of physicians would alter their treatment recommendations based on...
Cobas KRAS Mutation Test Receives FDA Approval
Roche announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the cobas KRAS Mutation Test for diagnostic use. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is designed to identify KRAS mutations in tumor samples from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and aid...
Progress Made in Discovering Link Between Aspirin Use and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Taking aspirin reduces a person's risk of colorectal cancer, but the molecular mechanisms involved have remained unknown, until a recent discovery by researchers at The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota. These findings were published by Li et al in EBioMedicine. EGFR and COX-2 Association ...
Hospital and Surgeon Factors Associated With Axillary Lymph Node Evaluation in DCIS
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Coromilas et al found that axillary lymph node evaluation is frequently performed in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and a number of hospital or surgeon characteristics are associated with likelihood of evaluation. As noted by the authors, benefit...
Oophorectomy Is Associated With Significantly Reduced Breast Cancer Mortality in Patients With BRCA1 Mutation or Estrogen Receptor–Negative Disease
In a retrospective analysis reported in JAMA Oncology, Metcalfe et al found that oophorectomy in patients with early-stage breast cancer was associated with significantly improved breast cancer survival in women harboring a BRCA1 mutation and in those with estrogen receptor–negative...
ASCO Endorses ASTRO Guideline on External-Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Locally Advanced NSCLC
ASCO issued an endorsement of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guideline on external-beam radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The ASCO endorsement was published by Bezjak et al in the Journal of Clinical...
Study Recommends Brain Cancer Patients Be Screened for Depression
Depression in brain cancer patients is a common but often overlooked condition, and oncologists should regularly screen tumor patients for depression, according to an article by Pranckeviciene and Bunevicius in CNS Oncology. The authors, both of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences,...
Differing Patterns of Breast Cancer Risk After Hormone Therapy With Estrogen Plus Progestin or Estrogen Alone
In an analysis of Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) trials reported in JAMA Oncology, Chlebowski et al found differing patterns of breast cancer risk among women receiving menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen plus progestin or estrogen alone. Women receiving estrogen plus progestin had...
Long-Term Use of Statins May Reduce Risk of Lung Cancer Death
A large population-based British study of newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer has found that those who had prolonged use of statins, especially simvastatin, had a 19% reduction in lung cancer deaths. Among all patients, those who used statins in the year before their lung cancer diagnosis had ...
Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Rarely More Cost-Effective Than Screening Mammography for High-Risk Women
Annual screening mammography is significantly more cost-effective than bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in managing the care of most women at high risk for breast cancer. Women with a known BRCA gene mutation, which carries an exceptionally high risk, are a notable exception. These were the...
Statin Use Not Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Statin use was not associated with reduced mortality among patients diagnosed with primary colorectal cancer between 2003 and 2009 and followed for a median of 3.4 years in the Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening (DACHS) study, an ongoing population-based study of colorectal...
American College of Physicians Releases Best Practice Advice for Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women
The American College of Physicians (ACP) released its clinical advice for cervical cancer screening in asymptomatic, average-risk women 21 years or older. Women at average risk are defined as those with no history of a precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or a more severe ...
Two Studies Examine the Significant Postoperative Risk of Life-Threatening Blood Clots in Patients With Lung Cancer
New evidence suggests that patients with lung cancer who undergo surgery are at higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, including deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, than previously thought, with elevated risks of complications or death. When thromboemboli occur, they may be...
Use of Radiotherapy After Prostate Cancer Surgery Declining, Despite Evidence of Benefit
Despite strong evidence and guidelines supporting its use, postsurgical radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients at risk of tumor recurrence is declining in the United States. The study, published by Sineshaw et al in European Urology, finds fewer than 10% of patients at risk of tumor...
Genomic Analyses Point to the Potential of Personalized Care for Liver Cancer Patients
A new study presented at The International Liver Congress 2015 in Vienna showed that using genomic analyses to understand how and when carcinogenic mutations occur in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma may make it possible to identify specific molecular profiles linked to tumor aggressiveness...
Circulating Tumor DNA Is a Promising Biomarker for Progression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Roschewski et al found that interim monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma distinguished more and less rapid progression and that surveillance monitoring identified recurrence well before clinical evidence was...
FDA Approves Ramucirumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved ramucirumab (Cyramza) for use in combination with FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan) for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer whose disease has progressed on a first-line bevacizumab (Avastin)-, oxaliplatin-,...
FDA Announces Clinical Trial Endpoints for Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its guidance for industry document Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs and Biologics, which allows companies to use several types of clinical trial endpoints, including overall survival...
Association of Lipid Levels With Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Extensive Mammographic Density
In a nested case-control study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Martin et al found that higher HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) levels and lower non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in women...
Eligible for Breast-Conserving Therapy, Many Still Choose Mastectomy
No approved targeted therapies exist to treat triple-negative breast cancer, but new chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are helping shrink tumors so that less breast tissue needs to be removed during surgery. New research led by Brigham and Women's Hospital finds that breast-conserving therapy...
AACR 2015: Study Identifies a Frequent Genomic Alteration in Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Research from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey shows genomic profiling identifies mutations in a gene associated with a rare subset of breast cancer—mutations that cannot otherwise be identified with standard clinical analysis of cells and tissue. The findings, presented at the AACR...
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Clarifies Mammography Recommendations for Women in Their 40s
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued its updated draft recommendation statement on mammography screening guidelines. The revised guidelines still recommend that women aged 50 to 74 get mammography screening for breast cancer every 2 years and now states that the decision to...
AACR 2015: Long-Term, Regular Aspirin Use Modestly Decreased Cancer Risk
Long-term, regular aspirin use was associated with a modestly reduced overall risk for cancer, driven primarily by a reduction in the risk for colorectal cancers, according to research presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract 876). “Previous...
AACR 2015: Olaparib and Investigational PI3K Inhibitor BKM120 Combination Active Against Ovarian and Breast Cancer Subtypes
Combination treatment with the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) and the investigational phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor BKM120 was safe and yielded evidence of clinical benefit for women with triple-negative breast cancer and for those with high-grade...
AACR 2015: Metformin Use May Not Improve Pancreatic Cancer Survival
Metformin use did not improve survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a retrospective cohort study presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract LB-183). “The diabetes drug metformin is being used in some cancer treatment...
Frequency of Germline TP53 Mutations in Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Not Meeting Criteria for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Yurgelun et al identified germline TP53 mutations in multiple patients with early-onset colorectal cancer from the Colon Cancer Family Registry who did not meet clinical criteria for Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is associated with increased risk...
Obesity Significantly Increases Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Men
Obesity in black men substantially increased the risk of low- and high-grade prostate cancer, whereas obesity in white men moderately reduced the risk of low-grade cancer and only slightly increased the risk of high-grade cancer, according to the first large, prospective study to examine how race...
AACR 2015: Pembrolizumab Shows Promise in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The immunotherapy pembrolizumab (Keytruda) was found to be safe and yielded durable responses in patients with advanced, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Those with high levels of the protein PD-L1 in their tumors had better clinical outcomes, according to phase I KEYNOTE-001 clinical...
AACR 2015: Pembrolizumab Is Better Than Ipilimumab for Advanced Melanoma in Phase III Trial
In the first randomized trial to compare two U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line therapy for patients with advanced melanoma, pembrolizumab (Keytruda) yielded significantly better treatment outcomes than ipilimumab (Yervoy) for all endpoints...
Do Survival Gains Match More Intense Treatment in Younger Patients With Colon Cancer?
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Kneuertz et al found that the more frequent stage-specific use of adjuvant chemotherapy in younger patients with colon cancer did not appear to produce commensurate benefit in survival compared with outcomes in older patients. Study Details The study was a...
Evidence Grows That Melanoma Drugs May Benefit Some Lung Cancer Patients
A subset of lung cancer patients can derive important clinical benefits from drugs that are more commonly used to treat melanoma, the authors of a new academic clinical trial in Europe have reported at the European Lung Cancer Conference (ELCC) in Geneva (Abstract 21PD_PR). Oliver Gautschi, MD, a...
