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Gynecologic Cancers
Immunotherapy

Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Clear Cell Gynecological Cancers

As reported in JAMA Oncology by Kristeleit et al, the UK-based phase II PEACOCC trial has shown the benefit of pembrolizumab in previously treated patients with advanced clear cell gynecological cancers (CCGCs). As stated by the investigators, “Advanced CCGCs have a poor prognosis, with response...

Gynecologic Cancers
Immunotherapy
Issues in Oncology

Flagellin and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients With Ovarian Cancer

The interference of gut bacteria could explain the ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint therapy in some patients with ovarian cancer, according to a recent study published by McGinty et al in Cancer Immunology Research.  Background There are over 10,000 ovarian cancer–related deaths in the United...

Gynecologic Cancers

ARIEL4: Rucaparib vs Chemotherapy for Relapsed Ovarian Cancer With Deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations

In an article in The Lancet Oncology, Oza et al presented the final overall survival analysis of the phase III ARIEL trial of rucaparib vs standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with relapsed BRCA-mutated ovarian carcinoma. Study Details In the open-label trial, 349 patients from sites in 12...

Gynecologic Cancers

ASCO Updates Guidelines on Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

ASCO has updated its guidelines on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer, underscoring key considerations in selecting patients for treatment and where to go from there.1 Since ASCO’s previous guidelines were published in 2016, there has been ...

Gynecologic Cancers
Issues in Oncology

Short- vs Standard-Course Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer

Short-course, higher-dose vaginal brachytherapy for endometrial cancer may demonstrate comparable efficacy to more frequent, lower-dose sessions, according to a recent study published by Suneja et al in JCO Oncology Advances. Background Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer type of the...

Solid Tumors
Issues in Oncology
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Lung Cancer
Hepatobiliary Cancer

Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Appalachia

Investigators have found that although fewer patients may be diagnosed with and dying from cancer in Appalachia, cancer incidence and mortality rates remain substantially higher compared with elsewhere in the United States, according to a recent study published by Burus et al in the Journal of the...

Gynecologic Cancers
Issues in Oncology

Salpingectomy During Other Abdominal Surgeries May Lower Ovarian Cancer Risk

Fallopian tube removal performed during other abdominal surgeries could reduce the risk of ovarian cancer incidence among women who have already completed their families, according to a recent study published by Kather et al in PLOS Medicine. Background Ovarian cancer is the third most common...

Gynecologic Cancers
Genomics/Genetics

Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Risk: Unlocking New Insights

Researchers have uncovered new heredity genes that may contribute to an increased risk of developing high-grade serous ovarian cancer, according to a recent study published by Subramanian et al in npj Genomic Medicine. Background High-grade serous ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent and...

Gynecologic Cancers

Study Finds Therapeutic Vaccine Targeting HPV16 Is Safe and Effective in Eradicating Precancerous Cervical Lesions

The investigational therapeutic vaccine Vvax001 was found to be safe and showed preliminary clinical effectiveness in a phase II clinical trial of patients with HPV16-positive grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. If confirmed in a phase III trial, the vaccine may provide a nonsurgical option ...

Issues in Oncology
Gynecologic Cancers

AI May Enhance Cervical Cancer Detection

Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve screening for cervical cancer, enhancing accuracy and efficiency, according to a recent review article published by Wu et al in Cancer Biology & Medicine. The report, authored by a team of researchers from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and...

Gynecologic Cancers

Long-Term Follow-up of NRG258 Trial: Adjuvant Chemoradiation vs Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Matei et al, the final overall survival analysis in the long-term follow-up of the phase III NRG258 trial has shown no difference between adjuvant chemoradiation (C-RT) vs chemotherapy (CT) in patients with locally advanced endometrial carcinoma....

Genomics/Genetics
Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Issues in Oncology

Improvements in BRCA2 Testing Could Enhance Cancer Risk Assessment, Patient Care

Researchers may have advanced the understanding of genetic alterations in the BRCA2 gene, according to a recent study published by Huang et al in Nature. The findings could improve the accuracy of genetic testing and allow health-care professionals to offer more precise risk assessments and...

Gynecologic Cancers

Final Overall Survival Results From SOLO3 Trial: Olaparib vs Nonplatinum Chemotherapy in Platinum-Sensitive BRCA-Mutated Relapsed Ovarian Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Scambia et al, the final overall survival results of the phase III SOLO3 trial showed similar outcomes with olaparib vs non–platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with platinum-sensitive BRCA-mutated relapsed ovarian cancer. In the initial report...

Gynecologic Cancers

AI May Improve Ovarian Cancer Diagnoses

A new international study led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden shows that AI-based models can outperform human experts at identifying ovarian cancer in ultrasound images. The study is published in Nature Medicine. “Ovarian tumors are common and are often detected by chance,” said...

Gynecologic Cancers

HIPEC in Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

In an Italian phase III trial (HORSE; MITO-18) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fagotti et al found that the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to secondary cytoreductive surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not improve progression-free survival vs no...

Gynecologic Cancers
Cardio-oncology

Prophylactic Surgical Menopause for Women With Familial Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Impact on Coronary Artery Calcium Development

The results of the HARMOny study published in JACC: CardioOncology by Beekman et al did not reveal a long-term adverse effect of prophylactic surgical menopause on the development of coronary artery calcium—a marker of cardiovascular disease risk—in women with a high familial risk of ovarian...

Immunotherapy
Issues in Oncology
Solid Tumors
CNS Cancers
Skin Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers

Challenges, Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy

Investigators have assessed the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer treatment in a new review published by Minev et al in Oncotarget. Study Overview and Implications The investigators found that mesenchymal stem cells can naturally target tumors and deliver therapeutic agents...

Gynecologic Cancers

Lenvatinib/Pembrolizumab vs Chemotherapy in Advanced Endometrial Cancer

As reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Marth et al, the phase III European Network of Gynaecological Oncological Trial-en9/LEAP-001 study showed no significant differences in progression-free or overall survival with first-line lenvatinib/pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy in patients with...

gynecologic cancers

Ovarian Cancer 2024: Year at a Glance, Part 1

Over the past year, several important studies in ovarian cancer have been presented at multiple oncology meetings and published in a number of peer-reviewed publications. In this installment of a two-part discussion for The ASCO Post Newsreels, Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, and Joyce F. Liu, MD, MPH, discuss antibody-drug conjugates and clinical trials including PRIMA and ATHENA. In part two of this feature, Dr. Matulonis and Dr. Liu talk about low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and an important recently published study. Filmed November 22, 2024

Gynecologic Cancers

Overall Survival Not Improved With Maintenance Niraparib in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

The final overall survival analysis of the phase III PRIMA trial found no survival benefit for maintenance niraparib over placebo in advanced ovarian cancer. However, the PARP inhibitor continued to exert a sustained progression-free survival benefit, investigators reported at the European Society...

Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Prostate Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer

NCCN Guidelines Expanded to Meet Growing Understanding of Hereditary Risk

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) introduced expanded NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) to account for the advanced understanding of hereditary cancer risk in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.1 “The recently updated NCCN Guidelines for ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Addition of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy to Surgery for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Based on results from the ongoing multicenter phase III CHIPOR trial, which were reported in The Lancet Oncology Jean-Marc Classe, MD, PhD, Head of the Oncological Surgery Department at the Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Saint Herblain, France, and colleagues, the addition of hyperthermic...

Global Cancer Care
Gynecologic Cancers

International Cancer Organizations Present Collaborative Work During Oncology Event in China

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) took part in the 2024 International Congress of the Asian Oncology Society and the 2024 Chinese Congress on Holistic Integrative Oncology, which highlighted international collaborations to improve cancer therapy and outcomes across China and Asia....

Solid Tumors
Thyroid Cancer
Lung Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Colorectal Cancer

Are Young Patients With Cancer Discussing Fertility Preservation With Physicians?

Just 50% of patients with early-onset cancers may report discussing fertility preservation options with their physicians prior to receiving oncology treatments, according to a recent study published by Keller et al in JAMA Network Open. Background “From an early-onset cancer diagnosis through to...

Gynecologic Cancers
Hepatobiliary Cancer
Lung Cancer

Unexpected Results in Solid Tumors: What We Learned From Negative Findings

Attendees at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024 heard the results of many positive clinical trials that will advance the field of cancer treatment. However, a few late-stage trials of promising adjuvant therapies unexpectedly reported negative results. The ASCO Post...

Gynecologic Cancers

Trends in Use of Primary Cytoreductive Surgery and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer

In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Network Open, Bercow et al found reduced use of primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) and increased use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer during...

Gynecologic Cancers

Addition of Cadonilimab to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Cervical Cancer

In interim analyses of a Chinese phase III trial (COMPASSION-16) reported in The Lancet, Wu et al found that the addition of cadonilimab, a bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, to platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab significantly improved progression-free and overall...

Gynecologic Cancers

Addition of Induction Chemotherapy to Standard Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

As reported in The Lancet by McCormack et al, the phase III INTERLACE trial has shown improved progression-free and overall survival with the addition of induction chemotherapy to standard chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Study Details In the open-label trial,...

Gynecologic Cancers

Sintilimab/Bevacizumab in Relapsed or Persistent Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma

In a Chinese phase II trial (INOVA) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Peng et al found that the combination of sintilimab and bevacizumab showed activity in patients with relapsed or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Study Details In the multicenter trial, 37 evaluable patients with exposure...

Gynecologic Cancers
Issues in Oncology

One-Dose HPV Vaccination Approach May Help to Eliminate Cervical Cancer

Canadian vaccination programs may switch to a one-dose, gender-neutral human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination approach to eliminate cervical cancer, according to a recent study published by Drolet et al in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Background HPV is known to cause cervical cancer...

Gynecologic Cancers

Sexual Health and Quality of Life With Simple vs Radical Hysterectomy in Low-Risk, Early-Stage Cervical Cancer

In an analysis from the phase III SHAPE trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ferguson et al found that simple hysterectomy was associated with a reduced risk of sexual dysfunction vs radical hysterectomy in patients with low-risk, early-stage cervical cancer. The trial showed...

Gynecologic Cancers

Atezolizumab Plus Platinum Doublet and Maintenance Niraparib for Late-Relapsing Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by González-Martín et al, a phase III trial (ENGOT-OV41/GEICO 69-O/ANITA) has shown no progression-free survival benefit with the addition of atezolizumab to a carboplatin doublet and maintenance niraparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer...

Gynecologic Cancers
Immunotherapy

Overall Survival Results With Pembrolizumab and Chemoradiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed, High-Risk, Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

As reported in The Lancet by Lorusso et al, overall survival results from the phase III ENGOT-cx11/GOG-3047/KEYNOTE-A18 trial indicated a significant benefit of pembrolizumab vs placebo with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab vs placebo in patients with newly diagnosed,...

Gynecologic Cancers

KEYNOTE-A18: Overall Survival in Cervical Cancer Improved by Pembrolizumab Plus Chemoradiotherapy

  In the phase III ENGOT-cx11/GOG-3047/KEYNOTE-A18 trial presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024, the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab plus chemoradiotherapy, with pembrolizumab continued as monotherapy, improved overall survival in previously untreated, high-risk...

Gynecologic Cancers

Tisotumab Vedotin-tftv for Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer

On April 29, 2024, tisotumab vedotin-tftv (Tivdak) was granted regular approval for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy.1 Tisotumab vedotin is a tissue factor–directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate. The agent was granted...

Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Genomics/Genetics

Breast and Ovarian Cancers May Be Linked to Thousands of RAD51C Gene Variants

Researchers have identified thousands of genetic changes in a gene that may increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, according to a recent study published by Olvera-León et al in Cell. The findings may pave the way for better risk assessment and more personalized care. ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Study Finds Nearly $70 Billion in Socioeconomic Losses Across 11 Countries Attributable to Ovarian Cancer

A study by Hutchinson et al quantifying the socioeconomic burden of ovarian cancer in 11 countries, including the United States, estimates that nearly $70 billion in socioeconomic losses may be attributable to ovarian cancer. Moreover, health expenditures to cover treatment in the first 2 years...

Solid Tumors
Gynecologic Cancers
Breast Cancer

Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate Puxitatug Samrotecan May Demonstrate Manageable Safety Profile and Preliminary Efficacy in First-in-Human Trial

The novel antibody-drug conjugate puxitatug samrotecan may have a manageable safety profile consistent with similar antibody-drug conjugates and demonstrated initial efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated advanced or metastatic solid tumors, according to new findings presented by...

Gynecologic Cancers

Immunotherapy and Novel Targeted Drug Appear Beneficial in Women With Early-Stage Gynecologic Disease

Studies reported at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024 reveal new groups of women with early-stage cervical1 and endometrial cancers2 who gain clinically meaningful benefit from adding immunotherapy to current standard treatments, and a first-in-human study found...

Gynecologic Cancers

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers

In a long-term follow-up of Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trials reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rowan T. Chlebowski, MD, PhD, and colleagues identified risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers associated with the use of menopausal hormone therapy. Study Details The...

Gynecologic Cancers
Issues in Oncology

HPV Vaccination Rate Among Young Female Patients With Psychiatric Diagnoses

The rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination may be lower among female individuals with mental health issues or neurodevelopmental conditions compared with their peers, according to a recent study published by Hu et al in The Lancet Public Health. Background The HPV vaccine is capable of...

Gynecologic Cancers
Genomics/Genetics

Targetable Variant Found in Chinese Patients With Ovarian Cancer

Researchers may have uncovered the germline mutational landscape of Chinese patients with ovarian cancer and identified an enriched RAD51D variant in these patients, according to a recent study published by Feng et al in JCO Global Oncology. The findings could serve as a critical reference for...

Gynecologic Cancers
Geriatric Oncology

Age Is Just a Number: Treatment Considerations for Endometrial Cancer in Older Women

Endometrial cancer is most frequently diagnosed among women aged 55 to 65, with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years.1 In epidemiologic studies, women diagnosed with endometrial cancer at an older age are more likely to have high-grade disease, aggressive histology, deep myometrial invasion, lower ...

Gynecologic Cancers
Global Cancer Care

Causal Attribution of HPV Genotypes to Invasive Cervical Cancer

In a systemic analysis of global literature reported in The Lancet, Wei et al estimated the proportion of invasive cervical cancer cases caused by specific human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Study Details A literature search through February 2024 was performed to identify studies reporting HPV...

Gynecologic Cancers

Are Some Uterine Tumors More Aggressive in Black Patients?

Researchers have discovered that uterine serous carcinoma tumors in Black patients tend to express more aggressive and immunosuppressive features than tumors in White patients, according to a recent study published by Foley et al in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Uterine serous...

Gynecologic Cancers

Recurrent or Advanced Endometrial Cancer: Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Nicoletta Colombo, MD, and colleagues, the phase III AtTEnd trial showed improved progression-free survival with the addition of atezolizumab to chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer, particularly among those with mismatch...

Gynecologic Cancers

Efficacy of ‘Symptom-Triggered Testing’ for Detection of Ovarian Cancer

“Symptom-triggered testing”—prompted by symptoms such as pain, abdominal bloating/swelling, and feeling full soon after starting to eat—detected early-stage aggressive ovarian cancer in one of four individuals affected, according to an analysis from the ROCkeTS trial published by Kwong et al in the ...

Gynecologic Cancers
Issues in Oncology

Salpingectomy vs Tubal Occlusion

Women whose fallopian tubes are removed during sterilization via laparoscopy may have only marginally more surgical complications compared with those whose tubes are cut during tubal occlusion, according to a recent study published by Strandell et al in The Lancet Regional Health–Europe. The...

Cost of Care
Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Colorectal Cancer
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer

Cancer Screening Estimated to Cost $43 Billion Annually in United States

Cancer screening may cost more than $40 billion annually in the United States, according to a recent study published by Halpern et al in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Study Methods and Results In the recent modeling study, investigators used national health-care survey and cost resources data to ...

Gynecologic Cancers
Leukemia
Survivorship

Births and Adverse Obstetric Outcomes Among Female Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancers

In a population-based retrospective cohort study (Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Survivor Study; TYACSS) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Sunguc et al identified risks of adverse obstetric outcomes among female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers in England and Wales. Study Details The...

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