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Issues in Oncology
Gynecologic Cancers
Prostate Cancer

Sexual Side Effects of Cancer Treatment Often Unaddressed With Female Patients

A new study has found that sexual side effects of cancer treatment are discussed far less frequently with female patients than with male patients, even when the treatment directly affects sex organs. Among patients receiving brachytherapy for prostate or cervical cancer at a high-volume cancer...

Gynecologic Cancers

Hair-Straightening Chemicals May Be Associated With Higher Uterine Cancer Risk

Individuals who reported using chemical hair-straightening products may be at greater risk for uterine cancer compared to those who did not report using these products, according to a new study published by Chang et al in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (JNCI). The researchers found no ...

Issues in Oncology
Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Colorectal Cancer

Use of Remote Interventions Increased Adherence to Cancer Screenings Among Women in Rural Areas

Studies show that rural populations experience greater cancer disparities across the cancer control continuum—from prevention and incidence to survivorship and mortality—compared with their urban counterparts. Those living in rural parts of the United States also tend to have lower cancer screening ...

Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Colorectal Cancer
Issues in Oncology

Effect of Social Factors on Cancer Screening Rates Across U.S. Counties

Populations in U.S. counties defined as more vulnerable based on social factors—including socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic minority status—may be significantly less likely to receive timely breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings, according to a recent study published by Bauer...

Gynecologic Cancers

Letrozole/Abemaciclib for Estrogen Receptor–Positive Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that letrozole plus abemaciclib produced activity in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive recurrent endometrial cancer. Study Details In the study, 30 patients...

Gynecologic Cancers

Expert Point of View: Jonathan Ledermann, MD

Jonathan Ledermann, MD, of UCL Cancer Institute University College London, was the formal discussant of both the phase III SOLO1 and PAOLA-1 trials. He was quite enthusiastic about SOLO1: “Perhaps, this is really cure we are seeing.” He also noted that overall survival is still immature and is...

Gynecologic Cancers

First-Line Maintenance With Olaparib Improved Overall Survival in Subsets of Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Two Phase III Trials

First-line maintenance therapy with olaparib extended survival beyond historical expectations in some women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer, according to two phase III studies presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2022 Congress.1,2  In the SOLO1 trial,1 more...

Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers
Genomics/Genetics

Constitutional BRCA1 Methylation and Risk of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer

In a case-control study within the U.S. Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study population reported in JAMA Oncology, Lønning et al found that BRCA1 promoter methylation identified in white blood cells was associated with increased risks of incident triple-negative breast cancer and high-grade serous ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Overall Survival With Maintenance Olaparib in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Advanced BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer: 7-Year Follow-up

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by DiSilvestro et al, the 7-year follow-up of the phase III SOLO1/GOG 3004 trial showed a reduction in risk of death by almost half with maintenance olaparib vs placebo in newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation,...

Gynecologic Cancers

Pafolacianine for Intraoperative Imaging of Folate Receptor–Positive Ovarian Cancer

In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Janos L. Tanyi, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that use of pafolacianine infusion for intraoperative imaging improved the detection of lesions in patients with folate receptor–positive ovarian cancer, compared with using white light...

gynecologic cancers
immunotherapy

Ana Oaknin, MD, PhD, on Cervical Cancer: Safety and Efficacy Results With Nivolumab and Ipilimumab

Ana Oaknin, MD, PhD, of Barcelona’s Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, discusses findings from the CheckMate 358 trial, which showed that chemotherapy-free immunotherapy with nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab may provide durable tumor regression with manageable toxicity in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer, regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression (Abstract 520MO).  

gynecologic cancers

Ana Oaknin, MD, PhD, on Cervical Cancer: New Findings on Cemiplimab in Recurrent or Metastatic Disease

Ana Oaknin, MD, PhD, of Barcelona’s Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, discusses an analysis of long-term survival from the EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 trial. Cemiplimab-rwlc is the first immunotherapy to demonstrate an overall survival benefit as a second-line monotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy but not immunotherapy. The benefit was sustained in this population (Abstract 519MO).

gynecologic cancers

Paul A. DiSilvestro, MD, on Ovarian Cancer: New Data on Olaparib in Newly Diagnosed Disease

Paul A. DiSilvestro, MD, of Women & Infants Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, discusses overall survival results after a 7-year follow-up of the SOLO1/GOG-3004 trial for patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA mutation who received maintenance olaparib. Dr. DiSilvestro details the increasing role of such PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer treatment and their benefit to patients (Abstract 517O).

Gynecologic Cancers

Companion Diagnostic to Identify Patients With Endometrial Cancer Eligible for Pembrolizumab Therapy Approved by the FDA

On August 11, 2022, Roche announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a label expansion for the Ventana MMR RxDx Panel. The Ventana MMR RxDx Panel is the first immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic test to aid in identifying patients whose solid tumors are deficient in DNA ...

Gynecologic Cancers

New Cervicovaginal Epigenetic Test for Screening of Suspected Endometrial Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Herzog et al have developed a simple noninvasive test for screening for suspected endometrial cancer—the Women’s Cancer Risk Identification-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Endometrial Cancer (WID-qEC)—that has shown accuracy in...

Gynecologic Cancers

Do Perioperative Beta-Blockers Improve Survival in Patients With Cardiovascular Conditions Undergoing Surgery for Ovarian Cancer?

In an Australian population–based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Spilsbury et al found that perioperative dispensing of nonselective beta-blockers was associated with improved survival among patients with a history of a cardiovascular condition undergoing surgery for epithelial ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Chronic Toxicity With Adjuvant Intensity-Modulated vs Conventional Radiation Therapy for Cervical or Endometrial Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Yeung et al, updated results of the phase III NRG Oncology RTOG 1203 trial show reduced chronic toxicity with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) vs conventional radiotherapy (CRT) in women with cervical or endometrial cancer. No...

Gynecologic Cancers

Racial Trends in Advanced Cervical Cancer in the United States

The steepest annual rise in new cases of advanced cervical cancer in the United States from 2001 to 2018 was among White patients, who were significantly less likely to receive the preventive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine or to be screened for the disease, according to research published by...

Solid Tumors
Gynecologic Cancers
Immunotherapy

FDA Approves Ventana MMR RxDx Panel to Identify Patients With dMMR Solid Tumors and pMMR Endometrial Cancer Eligible for Treatment With Pembrolizumab

On August 11, Roche announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a label expansion for the Ventana MMR RxDx Panel. The Ventana MMR RxDx Panel is the first immunohistochemistry (IHC) companion diagnostic test to aid in identifying patients whose solid tumors are deficient in DNA ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Study Suggests HPV Vaccination Alongside Local Excision of Cervical Lesions May Reduce Risk of Recurrence

Giving women the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine around the time they have surgery for precancerous cervical lesions might lead to a reduction in the risk of lesions returning as well as other HPV-related diseases, suggests a study published by Kechagias et al in The BMJ. The researchers...

Gynecologic Cancers

Talazoparib Plus Avelumab in Recurrent Mismatch Repair–Proficient Endometrial Cancer

In a phase II trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Konstantinopoulos et al found that the combination of talazoparib and avelumab was active in patients with recurrent mismatch repair–proficient endometrial cancer. Study Details In the U.S. multicenter study, 35 evaluable women with measurable disease, ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Frequent Aspirin Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer

In an individual-level meta-analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hurwitz et al found that frequent aspirin use was associated with reduced risk of ovarian cancer, including high-grade serous ovarian cancer and among women with multiple risk factors. Study Details The analysis...

Gynecologic Cancers

Meta-Analysis Examines Link Between Aspirin Use and Ovarian Cancer Risk

Frequent aspirin use may be linked with lower ovarian cancer risk in individuals with multiple risk factors, according to a new study published by Hurwitz et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. “Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic cancer. Most known risk factors of ovarian cancer—such...

Gynecologic Cancers

Intensive vs Minimalist Follow-up Strategies for Patients in Remission After Surgery for Endometrial Cancer

In an Italian/French trial (TOTEM) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zola et al found no difference in 5-year overall survival with intensive vs minimalist follow-up regimens in patients in complete clinical remission after surgery for endometrial cancer. Study Details In the...

Gynecologic Cancers

Effectiveness and Risk of Preterm Birth With Local Treatments for Cervical Malignancies

In a systematic review and network meta-analyses reported in The Lancet Oncology, Athanasiou et al described the comparative effectiveness of and risk of preterm birth with local excisional and ablative treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and stage IA1 cervical cancer. Study Details...

Gynecologic Cancers

Researchers Discover Protein That May Be Associated With Better Prognosis for Patients With Ovarian Cancer

Researchers have discovered that a protein associated with metabolism—and formerly recognized as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer—may instead be associated with a better prognosis for patients with the malignancy.  In a report published by Clemente et al in Cancer Research...

Genomics/Genetics
Breast Cancer
Gynecologic Cancers

Does Disclosing Maternal Status Affect Children’s Health Behaviors?

Telling children about their mother’s risk of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer does not adversely influence the offspring’s lifestyle or quality of life in the long term, according to a new study published by McDonnell et al in the journal Pediatrics. The study looked at the mutation status...

gynecologic cancers

Bradley J. Monk, MD, on Ovarian Cancer: New Data on Rucaparib Monotherapy vs Placebo as Maintenance Treatment

Bradley J. Monk, MD, of the University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton University School of Medicine, discusses phase III findings from the ATHENA–MONO (GOG-3020/ENGOT-ov45) trial. It showed that rucaparib as first-line maintenance treatment, following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, improved progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer, irrespective of homologous recombination deficiency status (Abstract LBA5500).

Gynecologic Cancers

Analysis of High-Risk HPV mRNA vs DNA Testing in Screening for Cervical Cancer

In a systematic review and meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Arbyn et al found that the performance of a high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) mRNA test in screening for cervical cancer was similar to that of validated hrHPV DNA tests in detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Taxane Maintenance vs Surveillance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Copeland et al, the phase III Gynecologic Oncology Group 0212/NRG Oncology study has shown no improvement in overall survival with maintenance paclitaxel or paclitaxel poliglumex vs surveillance in patients with advanced ovarian, tubal, or...

Gynecologic Cancers

Expert Point of View: Ernst Lengyel, MD, PhD

Invited discussant Ernst Lengyel, MD, PhD, of University of Chicago Medicine, found the results of ATHENA-MONO promising. “I think it is encouraging that in the BRCA-mutation subgroup of patients, we see such a clear increase in progression-free survival compared to the intention-to-treat...

Gynecologic Cancers

Rucaparib Maintenance Improves Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer Who Responded to Platinum-Based Therapy

Maintenance therapy with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor rucaparib led to a significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with placebo in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer who responded to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The...

Gynecologic Cancers

ARIEL4 Confirms Rucaparib’s Efficacy in Recurrent, BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer: Does It Tell Us Anything New?

In March 2022, Kristeleit et al reported the results of the ARIEL4 trial1 of rucaparib in relapsed BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer in The Lancet Oncology (summarized in this issue of The ASCO Post) and are to be congratulated on this accomplishment. This report, along with the almost simultaneous...

Gynecologic Cancers

ARIEL4 Trial: Rucaparib Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Chemotherapy in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer With BRCA1/2 Mutations

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Rebecca Kristeleit, MD, of Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and colleagues, the phase III ARIEL4 trial has shown a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival with rucaparib vs chemotherapy in relapsed ovarian cancer with...

Gynecologic Cancers
Genomics/Genetics

Factors That May Predict Response to the Addition of Bevacizumab to Front-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Endometrial Cancer

In an analysis from an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group phase II study (GOG-86P) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Thiel et al looked at outcomes in patients with advanced endometrial cancer treated with bevacizumab added to front-line chemotherapy. The investigators found that...

Gynecologic Cancers

Ovarian Cancer: First-Line Every-3-Week Carboplatin/Paclitaxel vs Weekly Dose-Dense Regimens

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Andrew R. Clamp, PhD, and colleagues, no significant differences in overall survival or updated progression-free survival were found with first-line treatment with weekly dose-dense regimens of carboplatin/paclitaxel vs every-3-week carboplatin/paclitaxel in...

gynecologic cancers

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, and Domenica Lorusso, MD, PhD, on Gynecologic Cancers: New Findings on Trabectedin vs Clinician’s Choice Chemotherapy

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Domenica Lorusso, MD, PhD, of Italy’s Gemelli University Hospital, discuss phase III data from the MITO23 trial on single-agent trabectedin vs clinician’s choice of chemotherapy in patients with recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancers of BRCA-mutated or BRCAness phenotype. Although trabectedin has demonstrated antitumor activity in relapsed platinum-sensitive disease, it does not appear to improve survival outcomes when compared with standard chemotherapy in the BRCA-mutated population (Abstract LBA5504).

Gynecologic Cancers
Immunotherapy

Cemiplimab-rwlc Improves Overall Survival vs Chemotherapy in Recurrent Cervical Cancer After First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Krishnansu S. Tewari, MD, of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, Irvine, and colleagues, the phase III ­EMPOWER-Cervical1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 trial has shown improved overall survival with cemiplimab-rwlc vs...

gynecologic cancers
immunotherapy

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, and Ignace Vergote, MD, PhD, on Cervical Cancer: Interim Results on Tisotumab Vedotin-tftv Plus Pembrolizumab

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Ignace Vergote, MD, PhD, of Belgium’s University Hospitals Leuven, discuss interim safety and efficacy results from a third dose-expansion cohort evaluating first-line tisotumab vedotin-tftv plus pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Data on the combination showed durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile (Abstract 5507).

Gynecologic Cancers

ATHENA-MONO Trial: Rucaparib Maintenance in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer

As presented at the 2022 ASCO Annual Meeting (Abstract LBA5500) and simultaneously reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Bradley J. Monk, MD, and colleagues, the phase III ATHENA-MONO trial found that maintenance rucaparib significantly improved progression-free survival vs placebo among...

gynecologic cancers

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, and Nicoletta Colombo, MD, on Ovarian Cancer: Overall Survival Data on Relacorilant Plus Nab-Paclitaxel

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Nicoletta Colombo, MD, of the University of Milan and the European Institute of Oncology, discuss phase II results on the overall survival benefit of intermittent relacorilant, a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, combined with nab-paclitaxel, compared with nab-paclitaxel alone in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. A phase III trial comparing intermittent relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel with investigator’s choice of chemotherapy in primary platinum-refractory disease is ongoing (Abstract LBA5503).

gynecologic cancers

Benoit You, MD, PhD, on Ovarian Cancer: Who Benefits From Bevacizumab in the First-Line Setting

Benoit You, MD, PhD, of Lyon University hospital (HCL, France) and GINECO group (France), discusses findings from the GOG-0218 trial of patients with ovarian cancer, which appears to confirm earlier data on the link between poor tumor chemosensitivity and benefit from concurrent plus maintenance bevacizumab. In Dr. You’s validation study, patients who derived the most progression-free and overall survival benefit from bevacizumab were those with high-risk disease (stage IV or incompletely resected stage III) associated with an unfavorable KELIM score (CA-125 kinetic elimination rate constant, calculable online) (Abstract 5553).

Gynecologic Cancers

Combination Therapy of Olaparib, Cyclophosphamide, and Metformin Under Study in Advanced Endometrial Cancer

A triplet regimen consisting of the PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibitor olaparib, metronomic (the chronic administration of low, equally spaced doses of) cyclophosphamide, and metformin demonstrated activity in elderly, heavily pretreated patients with recurrent, advanced endometrial...

Gynecologic Cancers

Addition of Vistusertib to Anastrozole for Hormone Receptor–Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer

In a French phase I/II trial (VICTORIA) reported in JAMA Oncology, Heudel et al found that the addition of the mTOR inhibitor vistusertib to anastrozole improved outcomes in women with hormone receptor–positive recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. As stated by the investigators, “Endometrial ...

gynecologic cancers

Pedro T. Ramirez, MD, on Hysterectomy for Early Cervical Cancer: New Findings on Open vs Minimally Invasive Surgery

Pedro T. Ramirez, MD, of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the final analysis of the LACC trial (Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer), which showed that women with early cervical cancer who need a radical hysterectomy may have worse outcomes with minimally invasive surgery compared with open surgery. All treatment guidelines support open surgery, which yields similar outcomes in terms of complications and quality of life (Abstract LBA10).

gynecologic cancers

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, on Ovarian Cancer: New Data on Mirvetuximab Soravtansine

Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, discusses findings from the SORAYA study on the efficacy and safety of mirvetuximab soravtansine in patients who have platinum-resistant ovarian cancer with high folate receptor–alpha expression. Based on the results, Dr. Matulonis believes this agent might become a practice-changing, biomarker-driven standard-of-care treatment option (Abstract LBA4).

Gynecologic Cancers

Trends in Hysterectomy-Corrected Uterine Cancer Mortality and Racial/Ethnic Differences

In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Clarke et al found that hysterectomy-corrected rates of mortality from uterine corpus cancer overall and from nonendometrioid carcinomas have increased in recent years, with mortality rates being highest in Black women. The study involved data from the U.S....

Gynecologic Cancers

PRIME Trial: Niraparib Maintenance Therapy Improves Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

A larger population of patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer may be able to benefit from niraparib maintenance therapy, with an improved safety profile, according to phase III data presented at the 2022 Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer.1 Results ...

Gynecologic Cancers

Absence of FAM19A4/miR124-2 DNA Methylation and Clinical Regression of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

In the Dutch CONCERVE study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kremer et al found that the absence of FAM19A4/miR124-2 DNA methylation was associated with a high rate of clinical regression of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia over 24 months among women treated with a...

Gynecologic Cancers

Deborah K. Armstrong, MD, on the Rationale for Intraperitoneal Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

Abstract discussant Deborah K. Armstrong, MD, of Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center Baltimore, elucidated the rationale for intraperitoneal (IP) treatment, which is the peritoneal pharmacokinetic advantage for many drugs used in ovarian cancer, including carboplatin, as used in the iPocc trial.1 In ...

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