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Showing 4801 - 4850Hormonal Contraception and Breast Cancer Risk
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Mørch et al, a Danish study has shown that the risk of breast cancer is increased in hormonal contraception users vs nonusers, with the absolute increase in risk being small. Study Details The study assessed the association between the...
Novel Clinical-Genomic Risk Group Classification for Localized Prostate Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Spratt et al have developed an integrated clinical-genomic risk classifier for predicting distant metastasis in patients with localized prostate cancer. The classifier uses National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN) risk categories and risk...
Prevalence of Prior Cancer in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cancer
In a study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data reported in JAMA Oncology, Murphy et al found that among persons newly diagnosed with cancer, 25% of those aged ≥ 65 years and 11% of those aged < 65 years had a history of a prior primary cancer. Prevalence of Prior...
BELLE-3 Trial: Combination Therapy in Resistant Advanced Breast Cancer
The phase III BELLE-3 trial has shown prolonged progression-free survival but a worse safety profile with the addition of the pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor buparlisib to fulvestrant (Faslodex) in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative advanced breast...
Identification of Cystic Precursors to Pancreatic Cancer Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jabbar et al found that mass spectroscopy proteomic analysis of the pancreatic cyst fluid biomarkers mucin-5AC (MUC5AC), mucin-2 (MUC2), and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) identified cystic pancreatic cancers and precursor lesions with...
AKT Inhibitor Ipatasertib in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
The randomized phase II LOTUS trial has shown improved progression-free survival with the addition of the AKT inhibitor ipatasertib to paclitaxel in the first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. These results were reported by Sung-Bae Kim, MD, of the University of Ulsan...
Partial-Breast and Reduced-Dose Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery
The UK IMPORT LOW phase III trial has shown noninferiority in local relapse for partial-breast and reduced-dose vs standard whole-breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in early breast cancer. These study results were reported by Charlotte E. Coles, PhD, of the University of...
Radiotherapy Fractionation for Head and Neck Cancers
An update of the Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Head and Neck (MARCH) showed that hyperfractionated radiotherapy maintained a survival advantage over conventional radiotherapy in head and neck cancers. The findings were reported in The Lancet Oncology by Lacas et al....
Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
An observational study reported in The Lancet Oncology by -Wolthers et al in the Ponte di Legno Toxicity Working Group identified characteristics and the course of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Kjeld Schmiegelow, MD, of The University Hospital...
Liposome-Encapsulated Daunorubicin and Cytarabine for AML Subtypes
On August 3, 2017, a liposome-encapsulated combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (Vyxeos) was approved for treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes.1,2 This is the first U.S. Food and Drug...
Ibrutinib in Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease
On August 2, 2017, ibrutinib (Imbruvica) was approved for treatment of adult patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease after failure of one or more lines of systemic therapy.1,2 This is the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapy for treatment of chronic graft-vs-host...
Acalabrutinib in Previously Treated Mantle Cell Lymphoma
On October 31, 2017, the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor acalabrutinib (Calquence) was granted accelerated approval for treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma who have received at least one prior therapy.1,2 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was based on objective response...
Olaparib Tablets for Maintenance Treatment in Ovarian Cancer
On August 17, 2017, olaparib -(Lynparza) in tablet form was granted regular approval for maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.1,2 Olaparib...
ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update: Use of Larynx-Preservation Strategies in the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Arlene A. Forastiere, MD, of The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, and colleagues, ASCO has issued a clinical practice guideline update on the use of larynx-preservation strategies in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. The ...
First-Line Pembrolizumab in Cisplatin-Ineligible Advanced Urothelial Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Arjun V. Balar, MD, of Perlmutter Cancer Center of New York York Langone Medical Center, and colleagues, first-line pembrolizumab (Keytruda) produced durable responses in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic...
Intravenous Rolapitant for Chemotherapy-Induced Delayed Nausea and Vomiting
On October 25, 2017, intravenous (IV) rolapitant (Varubi) was approved for use in combination with other antiemetic agents in adults for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including but not limited to highly...
Dasatinib in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
On November 9, 2017, dasatinib (Sprycel) was granted regular approval for treatment of pediatric patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase.1,2 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was based on findings among 97 pediatric patients with chronic-phase...
Obinutuzumab-Based First-Line Treatment Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Rituximab-Based Treatment in Follicular Lymphoma
In the phase III GALLIUM trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Robert Marcus, MBBS, of University College London, and colleagues, obinutuzumab (Gazyva)-based therapy significantly prolonged progression-free survival vs rituximab (Rituxan)-based therapy in patients with previously ...
Vemurafenib in Erdheim-Chester Disease
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms of action, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. On November 6, 2017, vemurafenib (Zelboraf) was granted...
ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update: Platelet Transfusion for Patients With Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Charles A. Schiffer, MD, of Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and colleagues, ASCO has issued a clinical practice guideline update on platelet transfusions in patients with cancer. The updated guideline replaces ...
HPV Vaccination and Oral HPV Infections in Young Adults in the United States
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chaturvedi et al found that whereas prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has reduced the incidence of oral HPV infection in young adults compared with no vaccination, low uptake of the vaccine has resulted in a modest overall...
FGFR Kinase Inhibitor in FGFR-Altered Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Javle et al found that the oral pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor BGJ398 was active in FGFR-altered advanced cholangiocarcinoma. It is estimated that FGFR2 fusions/translocations are present in 13% to 17%...
Phase III Trial of Combination Therapy for Progressive Glioblastoma
In a phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Wick et al found that adding bevacizumab (Avastin) to lomustine at first disease progression did not improve overall survival in patients with progressive glioblastoma. Study Details In the trial, 437 patients with disease...
Neoadjuvant Regimens Compared in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
The phase III KRISTINE trial has shown that neoadjuvant therapy with docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (Herceptin) plus pertuzumab (Perjeta) resulted in a higher pathologic complete response rate vs ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) plus pertuzumab, as well as a higher incidence of severe...
Tandem Autologous/Allogeneic HCT With Maintenance Therapy in High-Risk Myeloma
In a phase II study reported in Blood Advances, Green et al found that tandem autologous/allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) followed by bortezomib (Velcade) maintenance produced good results in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma. Poorer outcomes were observed...
Combination Therapy for Previously Untreated Stage IV NSCLC
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Herbst et al, the phase III SWOG S0819 trial showed no overall benefit of adding cetuximab (Erbitux) to carboplatin/paclitaxel both with and without bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with previously untreated stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A ...
Extended Intermittent vs Continuous Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer
The phase III SOLE trial has shown no disease-free survival benefit with extended intermittent vs continuous adjuvant letrozole in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. These findings were reported by Colleoni et al in The Lancet Oncology. As noted by the investigators, the findings suggest an...
EU Expert Group Releases Position Statement on Lung Cancer Screening in Europe
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Oudkerk et al, a European Union (EU) expert group has issued a position statement on low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer, proposing a near-term phased implementation of screening in high-risk regions within 18 months and extension to all ...
Discussion of Cancer Prognosis and the Patient-Physician Relationship
In a longitudinal cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fenton et al found that discussion of cancer prognosis between oncologists and patients did not worsen patient judgment of the quality of the patient-physician relationship. Study Details The study involved 265 adult...
Quality of Life With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal/Esophagogastric Junction Cancer
An analysis in the Dutch Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer Followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) reported by Noordman et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology showed no adverse effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs surgery alone on postsurgery health-related quality of life in patients with ...
Comparison of EGFR Inhibitors in Untreated Advanced EGFR-Mutant NSCLC
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Soria et al, the phase III FLAURA trial has shown a significant progression-free survival benefit with the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib (Tagrisso) vs standard EGFR TKIs in...
Association of Fiber Intake After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Survival
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Song et al found that higher fiber intake after diagnosis of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer is associated with improved colorectal cancer–specific and overall survival. The benefit was also observed with a higher intake of whole grains. Study Details...
Immunotherapy in Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Doi et al, pembrolizumab (Keytruda) showed activity in patients with previously treated advanced esophageal carcinoma in the phase Ib multicohort KEYNOTE-028 study. Study Details In the study, eligible patients with squamous cell carcinoma or...
Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Monoclonal Antibody in Resected NSCLC
The phase III E1505 trial has shown no benefit of adding bevacizumab (Avastin) to adjuvant therapy in early-stage resected non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These results were reported by Wakelee et al in The Lancet Oncology. Study Details In the open-label trial, 1,501 patients from...
Olaparib Tablets as Maintenance in BRCA1/2-Mutant Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
A phase III trial (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21) has shown improved progression-free survival with an olaparib tablet formulation vs placebo as maintenance therapy in patients with BRCA1/2-mutant platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. These study results were reported by Eric Pujade-Lauraine, MD, of the...
Health-Related Quality of Life With Immediate vs Delayed ADT in Prostate Cancer
In a health-related quality-of-life study among patients in the phase III TOAD trial, immediate vs delayed androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) was associated with early worsening of androgen-deprivation therapy–related symptoms but few other comparative adverse effects on functioning or quality of...
Bone-Targeted Therapies for Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy
Among men diagnosed with prostate cancer, about one in two will receive androgen-deprivation therapy, which is associated with many potential adverse side effects, including significant bone loss and increased risk for low trauma or fragility fractures similar to those found in people with primary ...
Adverse Pathologic Findings in Low-Volume Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
In a single-center analysis reported in JAMA Oncology, Hiten D. Patel, MD, MPH, of The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and colleagues found that among men undergoing elective radical prostatectomy, those with low-volume intermediate-risk...
Comparison of Circulating Tumor DNA and Metastatic Tissue Biopsy in Identifying Mutations in Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Wyatt et al found high agreement between driver mutations in plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and metastatic tissue biopsy in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Martin Gleave, MD, and Alexander Wyatt, DPhil, of Vancouver...
Nivolumab in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Previously Treated With Sorafenib
ON SEPTEMBER 22, 2017, nivolumab (Opdivo) was granted accelerated approval for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients previously treated with sorafenib (Nexavar).1,2 Supporting Efficacy Data APPROVAL WAS based on findings in a 154-patient subgroup of the CheckMate 040 trial consisting...
Surgeon-Initiated Gene-Expression Profile Testing in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Reduces Time to Start of Chemotherapy
In a single-center study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Katya Losk, MPH, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and colleagues found that an intervention including surgeon initiation of gene-expression profile testing with Oncotype DX significantly reduced the time to testing, receipt of...
Pembrolizumab in Advanced Gastric Cancer
On September 22, 2017, pembrolizumab (Keytruda) was granted accelerated approval for treatment of recurrent locally advanced or metastatic, gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with tumors expressing programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), as determined by a U.S. Food and Drug...
Constructing a Risk Stratification Model for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Connor et al combined genetic subtypes and minimal residual disease as a continuous variable to construct a risk stratification model for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Study Details The study involved a...
Long-Term Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence After 5 Years of Endocrine Therapy
In a meta-analysis reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Pan et al for the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), it was found that breast cancer recurs at a steady incidence following cessation of adjuvant endocrine therapy after 5 years, with the risk...
Predictors of Cervical Precancer Treatment Failure
In a meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Arbyn et al found that posttreatment high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was a better predictor of recurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) than incomplete cervical excision. Study Details ...
Antidepressant for Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgia in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
The phase III SWOG S1202 trial has shown benefit of the antidepressant agent duloxetine in reducing aromatase inhibitor–associated joint pain in women with early-stage breast cancer. These results were reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Henry et al. Study Details In the...
Patient-Reported Outcomes With Immunotherapy vs Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) treatment was associated with improved or maintained health-related quality of life vs platinum-based chemotherapy in the phase III KEYNOTE-024 trial in advanced programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)–positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These findings...
Brigatinib in Crizotinib-Pretreated Metastatic ALK-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
On April 28, 2017, brigatinib (Alunbrig) was granted accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have had disease progression on or are intolerant to crizotinib (Xalkori).1,2 Supporting Efficacy...
Dabrafenib and Trametinib in BRAF V600E–Mutant Metastatic NSCLC
On June 22, 2017, regular approvals were granted to dabrafenib (Tafinlar) and trametinib (Mekinist) given in combination for the treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved...
Neratinib for Extended Adjuvant Treatment of Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
On July 17, 2017, neratinib (Nerlynx) a dual inhibitor of HER2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was approved for extended adjuvant treatment of adults with early-stage HER2-overexpressed/amplified breast cancer following adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin)-based therapy.1,2 Supporting...
