Shilpa Gupta, MD, on Urothelial Cancer: Defining Who Is 'Platinum-Ineligible'
2022 ASCO Annual Meeting
Shilpa Gupta, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, discusses an updated consensus definition for standard therapy and clinical trial eligibility for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer who are platinum-ineligible, criteria that are proposed to guide treatment recommendations for this population. This may be especially important now that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has restricted the use of first-line pembrolizumab to those who are considered platinum-ineligible (Abstract 4577).
Transcript
Disclaimer: This video transcript has not been proofread or edited and may contain errors.
Frontline therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer who are Cisplatin ineligible has continued to evolve. And the current standard of care is Gemcitabine and Carboplatin chemotherapy followed by durvalumab maintenance. In 2017, Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab were approved as single agents for this patient population. But then the label was restricted to patients who are Cisplatin ineligible with high PD-L1 expressing tumors, or those who are not eligible for any platinum. And now Pembrolizumab use is only restricted to patients who are platinum-ineligible. Back in 2019, we presented results from our survey for defining platinum-ineligibility by sending a survey out to around 60 US-based medical oncologists. And we presented a consensus definition at GU ASCO that year. And now with the changing landscape, we updated the survey and used the similar cohort of responders to provide a consensus definition update. So we ask questions like: what equal performance status would physicians use to deem someone platinum-ineligible? What creatinine clearance cutoff would they use? What peripheral neuropathy cutoff, heart failure, cutoff? And in any person with ECOG performance status two, what would be the creatinine clearance cutoff? And based on the majority of responses, we found that most physicians found that creatinine clearance less than 30 milliliters per minute, peripheral neuropathy greater than are equal to grade two, significant heart failure that is NYHA class three or higher, equal performance status greater than our equal to three, and in a patient with equal performance status two, creatinine clearance of less than 30 milliliters per minute. Those were the factors that would make them hesitant to use Carboplatin. So we proposed that if any one of these criteria are met, that patient can be deemed as platinum-ineligible and be a candidate for single agent immunotherapy. Otherwise, we offered Gemcitabine and Carboplatin followed by durvalumab maintenance. Notably age was not a cutoff for these patients based on our survey.
The ASCO Post Staff
Martin McCabe, PhD, of the University of Manchester, discusses a phase III assessment of chemotherapy for patients with recurrent and primary refractory Ewing sarcoma. The trial, called rEECur, is the first study to provide comparative toxicity and survival data for the four most commonly used chemotherapy regimens in this disease. The analysis showed that high-dose ifosfamide is more effective in prolonging survival than topotecan plus cyclophosphamide (Abstract LBA2).
The ASCO Post Staff
Alfredo Carrato, MD, PhD, of Alcala de Henares University in Spain, discusses phase II results from the SEQUENCE trial, which showed that nab-paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and modified FOLFOX showed significantly higher clinical activity than the standard nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in the first-line setting of patients with untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Abstract 4022).
The ASCO Post Staff
Sumanta K. Pal, MD, of City of Hope National Medical Center, discusses findings from the COSMIC-021 study, which showed that cabozantinib plus atezolizumab demonstrated encouraging clinical activity with manageable toxicity in patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The combination was administered as first-line therapy in cisplatin-based chemotherapy–eligible and –ineligible patients and as second- or later-line treatment in those who received prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (Abstract 4504).
The ASCO Post Staff
Apar Kishor Ganti, MD, of the University of Nebraska Medical Center, discusses results from the CALGB 30610 study, which showed a similar clinical benefit for once- and twice-daily radiotherapy administered to patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer. While both regimens were well tolerated, patients who received radiotherapy once daily had better quality-of-life scores at week 3 and slightly worse scores at week 12. Patients believed the once-daily regimen was more convenient (Abstract 8504).
The ASCO Post Staff
Courtney D. DiNardo, MD, MSCE, of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Stéphane de Botton, MD, PhD, of Institut Gustave Roussy, discuss phase III findings from the IDHENTIFY trial, which showed that mutational burden and co-mutational profiles differed between patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia that exhibited IDH2-R140 and IDH2-R172 mutations. Enasidenib improved survival outcomes for patients with IDH2-R172 mutations: median overall survival and 1-year survival rates were approximately double those in the conventional care arm (Abstract 7005).