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Showing 2601 - 2650More Toxicity Associated With Addition of Sorafenib to Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Prior to Liver Transplantation
The addition of sorafenib (Nexavar) to yttrium-90 radioembolization was associated with higher rates of biliary complications and potentially more acute rejections prior to transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, according to the results of a prospective randomized pilot study....
Study Reveals More Than One-Third of Patients With ‘Low-Risk’ Prostate Cancer on Conventional Biopsy Have More Aggressive Tumors on Targeted Biopsy
According to a new study by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, selection of men for active surveillance for prostate cancer should be based not on conventional biopsy, but on a new, imaging-guided targeted prostate biopsy. The new biopsy method is now a routine part of the...
Low Use of Chemotherapy in Last 14 Days of Life at MD Anderson Cancer Canter
A proposed metric of quality of cancer care is whether chemotherapy is administered in the last 14 days of life. In a retrospective study of patients at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Rodriguez et al found an overall rate of chemotherapy use in ...
Early Study Shows Improved Survival With Radioimmunotherapy/Gemcitabine Combination in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Cancer
A randomized phase Ib study of a combination of low radiosensitizing doses of gemcitabine and fractionated doses of 90Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal cancer who had received at least two prior systemic therapies, has found a significant survival advantage in...
Studies Evaluate Racial Variations, Cost, and Influence of Access to Care in the Management and Treatment of Testicular Cancer
A series of studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness, risks, and outcomes associated with detecting, diagnosing, and treating testicular cancer were presented at a press conference during the 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association in Orlando, Florida. Although...
Results of Three Studies Indicate 17-Gene Assay Is a Significant Predictor of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at the Time of Diagnosis
According to the results from three studies published in European Urology, the 17-gene Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score is a significant predictor of disease aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis before intervention with radiation or surgery. The test provides more precise and individualized...
Necitumumab Plus Chemotherapy Shows Overall Survival Benefit in Patients With Squamous NSCLC
In the large phase III SQUIRE trial of necitumumab (IMC-11F8) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients with stage IV metastatic disease showed a statistically significant improvement in overall...
Delaying Androgen Deprivation Therapy May Be Safe for Men With Prostate Cancer Relapse Detected by PSA Testing
According to a large, population-based observational study of men who had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-only based relapse after prostate surgery or radiation therapy, delaying androgen deprivation therapy until the onset of symptoms or appearance of cancer on a scan does not substantially...
Tools for Identifying Pathologically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Are Inaccurate In Unscreened Men
In a study reported in British Journal of Cancer, Shaw et al assessed the accuracy of several reported criteria for identifying insignificant prostate cancer for active surveillance in a population of unscreened men. None of the examined tools provided sufficient discrimination of insignificant...
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound Reduces Pain From Bone Metastases
Few options are available to treat pain from bone metastases in patients refractory to drug and radiation therapy. In a phase III study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Hurwitz et al found significant pain relief using magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound...
Statin Use Associated With Reduced Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence
Men who begin taking statins after prostate cancer surgery are less likely to have a recurrence of their cancer, according to a retrospective analysis led by researchers at Duke Medicine. The study by Allott et al was published in BJU International. “Our findings suggest that beginning...
No Apparent Increase in Risk of Oral HPV Infection in Sexual Partners of HPV-Positive Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, D’Souza et al found that while human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients with oropharyngeal cancer had high prevelances of oncogenic oral HPV DNA and oral HPV16 DNA, their sexual partners did not appear to have increased risk of...
Increased Incidence of Thyroid Cancer: An Epidemic of Diagnosis?
In a study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Davies and Gilbert found that the incidence of thyroid cancer has nearly tripled since 1975. However, the increase appears to represent an “epidemic of diagnosis” and to almost exclusively represent increased diagnosis...
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer, Study Finds
A study investigating vitamin D status and prostate cancer diagnosis in high-risk men has found an association between vitamin D deficiency and aggressive prostate cancer. The study enrolled 667 men, ages 40 to 79 years, who were undergoing their first prostate biopsy following an abnormal...
No Difference in Disease-Free Survival but Less Steroid Dependence With Adrenal-Sparing Surgery vs Adrenalectomy in Pheochromocytoma
Molecular diagnosis and preventive surgery have been successful in preventing medullary thyroid cancer in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. In a retrospective population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Castinetti et al found no difference in disease-free...
Experimental Drug Receives Fast Track Designation as Second-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track designation to the investigation of custirsen (OGX-011) when administered in combination with cabazitaxel (Jevtana Kit)/prednisone for the treatment of men with metastatic...
Swedish Men Living Alone Have Later Stage at Diagnosis and Worse Survival in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
In a population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Eriksson et al found that Swedish men with cutaneous malignant melanoma have more advanced stage at diagnosis and worse disease-specific survival if they live alone. Women living alone did not have worse disease-specific...
Sildenafil Use May Be Associated With Increased Risk of Melanoma
In a prospective cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Li et al found that recent and ever use of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction was associated with increased risk of subsequent melanoma, but not squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma. The RAS/RAF/MAPK and ERK kinase/ERK cascade is...
European Phase II Study Indicates Activity of Enzalutamide in Hormone-Naive Prostate Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Tombal et al, a single-arm phase II trial of the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide (Xtandi) has shown that the agent is active in suppressing disease and well tolerated in men with hormone-naive prostate cancer. In this ongoing trial, 67 men with...
Colonoscopy Adenoma Detection Rate Is Inversely Proportional to Risk of Interval Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Cancer Mortality
In a study of health-care organization data reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Corley et al assessed the relationship between proportion of colonoscopies performed by a gastroenterologist that detect an adenoma and risk of subsequent interval colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer...
Chronic Inflammation in Benign Prostate Tissue Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer
An analysis of prostate tissue biopsies collected from participants in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) has found that those whose benign prostate tissue had chronic inflammation had 1.78 times higher odds of having prostate cancer, and 2.24 times higher odds of having ...
Panitumumab Not Inferior to Cetuximab in Overall Survival in Chemotherapy-Refractory Wild-Type KRAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the open-label noninferiority phase III ASPECCT trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Price et al found that anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment with panitumumab (Vectibix) produced a noninferior overall survival outcome vs cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with chemotherapy-refractory...
Breast Cancer Risk Variant Associated With Increased Lung Cancer Risk in Women
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Park et al examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with other cancers for potential associations with lung cancer. They found that the breast cancer SNP LSP1 rs3817198 was associated with significant risk of...
Study Finds a Quarter of Men Drop Out of Prostate Cancer Monitoring, Casting Doubt on Safety of Active Surveillance
Noncompliance appears to be a major challenge for active surveillance, according to the results of long-term follow-up of patients with prostate cancer presented at the European Association of Urology 29th Annual Congress in Stockholm. Over a quarter of men dropped out of the active surveillance...
Long-Term Hormone Therapy Is Associated With Improved Survival in Women With Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
In women with non–small cell lung cancer, long-term hormone therapy, particularly estrogen plus progesterone, is associated with improved survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Katcoff et al in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. This finding may lead to...
Six Months Hormonal Treatment in Addition to Radiotherapy Improves Survival for Men With Localized Prostate Cancer
Men with localized prostate cancer that is at risk of growing and spreading have a lower risk of disease progression and recurrence if they are treated with radiotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy, according to new research. The findings, which were presented at the 33rd Conference...
High Prediagnosis BMI Is a Predictor for Poor Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients, Overriding Tumor Marker Linked to Better Prognosis
A large prospective study of patients with invasive colorectal cancer has found that higher body mass index 2 years before diagnosis increased risk of all-cause mortality after diagnosis, even in patients whose tumors harbored a marker that is usually associated with better prognosis. The...
New Test Developed to Detect Men at High Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence
A new genetic signature to identify prostate cancer patients who are at high risk of their cancer recurring after surgery or radiotherapy has been developed by researchers in Canada, according to a study presented at the 33rd Conference of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology in...
Dose-Escalated Hypofractionated IMRT for Localized Prostate Cancer Has Similar Side Effects Compared to Conventional IMRT
Dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy with use of a moderate hypofractionation regimen (72 Gy in 2.4-Gy fractions) can safely treat patients with localized prostate cancer with limited grade 2 or 3 late toxicity, according to a study by Hoffman et al published in the International Journal ...
Radiofrequency Ablation Reduces Risk of High-Grade Dysplasia and Adenocarcinoma vs Endoscopic Surveillance in Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus
Barrett’s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia increases risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In a European study reported in JAMA, Phoa et al assessed whether endoscopic radiofrequency ablation reduced the rate of neoplastic progression compared with endoscopic surveillance in patients with...
Three-Dimensional MRI Scans May Offer More Accurate Way to Predict Survival After Chemotherapy for Liver Tumors
In a series of studies involving 140 American men and women with liver tumors, researchers at Johns Hopkins have used specialized three-dimensional (3D) MRI scans to precisely measure living and dying tumor tissue to quickly show whether highly toxic chemotherapy is working. The investigators said ...
Women Are Infrequently First or Corresponding Authors in Collaborative Group Publications in Oncology
As reported in a research letter in JAMA Internal Medicine, Sun et al studied the frequency with which women lead clinical trial publications from organized collaborative groups in oncology. They found that women are very infrequently lead or corresponding authors, with the percentages not changing ...
Long-Term Use of Valproic Acid May Reduce the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer
The antiseizure medication and mood stabilizer valproic acid was associated with a significant reduction in head and neck cancer risk, according to a study recently published in Cancer. The large retrospective cohort study by Kang et al was conducted to evaluate the effects of the drug, a histone...
Swedish Study Shows Lower Prostate Cancer Mortality in High-Incidence Areas
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Stattin et al found that rates of prostate cancer mortality, excess mortality in men with prostate cancer, and metastatic prostate cancer were lower in counties in Sweden with higher vs lower incidence of prostate cancer that...
No Mortality Benefit From Primary Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Most Men With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer
A large retrospective cohort study by Potosky et al of 15,170 men with early-stage prostate cancer has found that patients who received androgen deprivation as their primary treatment instead of surgery or radiation did not live any longer than those who received no curative-intent treatment. Men...
Report Shows More Screening Has Led to a 30% Drop in Colon Cancer Rates
Findings from a report by Siegel et al of the American Cancer Society (ACS) show that the rate at which people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States has dropped by 30% in the last 10 years among people aged 50 years and older. The researchers say the decline in incidence is due...
Higher Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Levels Associated With Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer
It is known that chronic inflammation plays a role in the development of colorectal cancer. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Mehta et al evaluated the association of the novel plasma inflammatory biomarker macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1; growth...
Continued Survival Benefits With Radical Prostatectomy in Longer-Term Follow-up in Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 Trial
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Bill-Axelson et al, additional long-term follow-up in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 trial (SPCG-4) continues to show significant benefits of radical prostatectomy vs watchful waiting in early prostate cancer, including reduced risk of ...
No Benefit of Early Zoledronic Acid in Reducing Skeletal-Related Events in Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastases
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Smith et al, the double-blind phase III Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9020/Alliance trial assessed the effect of early initiation of zoledronic acid in reducing risk of skeletal-related events in men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer. ...
BPA Exposure May Be Linked to Prostate Cancer, Study Shows
A new study suggests that levels of bisphenola A (BPA) in men’s urine may be a marker of prostate cancer and that low levels of BPA exposure can cause cellular changes in both nonmalignant and malignant prostate cells. The research, published in PLOS ONE, provides the first evidence that...
No Overall Survival Advantage for Escalated-Dose vs Control-Dose Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer at 10 Years
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Dearnaley et al, the 10-year follow-up of the phase III open-label MRC RT01 trial showed continued benefit of escalated-dose vs control-dose conformal radiotherapy in biochemical progression-free survival in patients with prostate cancer but no overall survival ...
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplements May Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer in Some Men
A multicenter study led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has found that high-dose supplementation with both the trace element selenium and vitamin E may increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer. This risk is dependent upon a man’s selenium status prior to taking the...
Hormone Therapy Associated With Improved Survival in Women With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Survival among people with lung cancer has been better for women than men, and the findings of a recent study indicate that female hormones may be a factor in this difference. The combination of estrogen plus progesterone and the use of long-term hormone therapy were associated with the most...
Unilateral Radiotherapy for Advanced Tonsil Cancer Yields Favorable Outcome
New research suggests that it is safe to limit radiation therapy to lymph nodes on only one side of the neck for lateralized tonsil cancer. In addition, the study findings show that primary tumor location, rather than the amount of lymph node involvement on the tumor side of the neck, drives the...
High Incidence of Complications Other Than Urinary Incontinence or Erectile Dysfunction After Prostatectomy or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Studies of complications of surgery or radiotherapy for prostate cancer generally focus on incontinence and erectile dysfunction. In a population-based cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Nam et al assessed the frequency of other complications associated with such treatment and found high ...
Higher Dietary Lycopene Intake Associated With Reduced Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer and Reduced Tumor Angiogenesis
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Zu et al found that higher dietary lycopene intake was associated with reduced risk of lethal prostate cancer and reduced tumor angiogenesis. Lycopene-rich foods include tomatoes and tomato-based products. Study Details The...
Studies Evaluate Trends in the Surgical Management of Penile Cancer
A large retrospective population-based study shows that potentially fatal penile cancers are surgically undertreated in the United States and more benign penile cancers are surgically overtreated. Even though penile cancer is rare in the United States, accounting for about 1,570 new cases in 2013...
Prolonged Hormone Therapy Exposure Increases Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Patients With Prostate Cancer
Although androgen deprivation therapy extends survival in men with prostate cancer, its use is associated with unwanted side effects. In addition to the well-known side effects of impaired sexual function and hot flashes, prolonged exposure to androgen deprivation therapy can also lead to diabetes...
Radiation Plus Hormone Therapy Extends Survival in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer
The addition of radiation to lifelong hormone therapy with oral antiandrogens vs antiandrogens alone reduced the prostate cancer–specific death rate by more than 50% at 10 and 15 years in men with locally advanced prostate cancer, according to an updated analysis of the Scandinavian Prostate...
Enzalutamide Improves Survival in Chemotherapy-Naive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Enzalutamide (Xtandi) improved survival by 29% in men with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and reduced the risk of radiographic progression by 81%, according to complete results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, phase III PREVAIL...
