Your search for issues in oncology matches 1842 pages
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Analysis of Randomized Bisphosphonate Osteoporosis Trials Indicates No Reduction in Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Observational studies have suggested a potential effect of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis in reducing risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, an analysis of the randomized FIT trial of alendronate and HORIZON-PFT trial of zoledronic acid reported in JAMA Internal Medicine ...
Oncologists Respond Rapidly to Clinical Trial Evidence on Use of EGFR Inhibitors
Use of panitumumab (Vectibix) and cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer decreased significantly after the publication of clinical trial evidence that anti-EGFR antibodies should be restricted to wild-type KRAS tumors, subsequent ASCO guidelines recommending testing for...
ALK-Positivity Prevalence on Immunohistochemistry and FISH in Resected Stage I to III Lung Adenocarcinoma
The European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape ALK project is investigating the prevalence and prognostic impact of ALK-positivity in resected lung adenocarcinoma in a primarily European population. As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Blackhall and colleagues, the project has...
Study Detects New ALK Mutations at Neuroblastoma Relapse
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schleiermacher et al found ALK mutations at relapse of neuroblastoma that were not present at diagnosis. They also found that subclonal mutations may be present at diagnosis with clonal expansion observed at relapse. The study involved...
NORCCAP Trial Shows Reduced Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality With Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening at 11-Year Follow-up
The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention Trial comparing colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy vs no screening showed no reduction in colorectal cancer incidence or mortality after 7 years of follow-up. As reported by Holme et al in JAMA, the 11-year follow-up shows significant...
Researchers Identify Priority Targets for Immunotherapy in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) have found that the expression pattern of a unique class of tumor-associated antigens, known as the MAGE cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), correlates with clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. Based on their findings, the researchers have...
ERSPC 13-Year Follow-up: Reduction in Prostate Cancer Mortality With PSA Screening, but High Overdiagnosis Rates Remain a Concern, Say Authors
The 13-year follow-up of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), reported by Schröder et al in The Lancet, showed that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in men aged 55 to 69 years is associated with a 21% reduction in risk of prostate cancer mortality...
Scientists Pinpoint Gene Likely to Promote Childhood Cancers
Researchers at the Children’s Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern (CRI) have identified a gene that contributes to the development of several childhood cancers, in a study conducted in mouse models. If the findings prove to be applicable to humans, the research could...
Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Identifies Men Most Likely to Undergo Challenging Study Procedures
Healthy men participating in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial who actively participate in all steps of the clinical trial are most likely to undergo a biopsy, according to a study by Gritz et al published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, ...
Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Lung Adenocarcinoma
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network has recently reported its comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma in Nature. Findings included a high rate of somatic mutations including alterations in tumor-suppressor genes, chromatin-modifying genes, and RNA-splicing genes and suggested...
Successful Vemurafenib Treatment of Progressive BRAF V600E–Mutated Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) is approved for treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. There are reports indicating that vemurafenib may be active in the treatment of intracranial neoplasms with BRAF mutations. As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lee et al from...
Enzalutamide Increases Time to First Skeletal-Related Event and Improves Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
In the phase III international AFFIRM trial, enzalutamide (Xtandi) was shown to improve overall survival vs placebo in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after progression on docetaxel. In an analysis of secondary endpoints reported in The Lancet Oncology, Fizazi et al found...
FDA Approves First Noninvasive DNA Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved Cologuard, the first stool-based colorectal screening test that detects the presence of red blood cells and DNA mutations that may indicate the presence of certain kinds of abnormal growths that may be cancers such as colon cancer or...
TP53, TET2, and DNMT3A Mutations Predict Poorer Survival After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome
It is unclear whether somatic mutations that are strongly associated with phenotype and prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome are also predictive of outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bejar et al found that...
Regular, Moderate Physical Activity Decreases Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Postmenopausal women who in the previous 4 years had undertaken the equivalent of at least 4 hours of walking per week had a 10% decreased risk of invasive breast cancer compared with women who were less active, according to a new study. The findings suggest that regular physical activity, even of...
Study Quantifies Risk of Hereditary Breast Cancer in Carriers of PALB2 Mutations
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Antoniou et al identified lifetime risk of breast cancer in families with germline loss-of-function mutations in PALB2. Estimated cumulative risk among female mutation carriers was 14% by 50 years of age and 35% by 70 years of age....
Genome-Wide Association Study Finds New Genetic Risk Markers in Pancreatic Cancer
A large DNA analysis of people with and without pancreatic cancer has identified several new genetic markers that signal increased risk of developing the highly lethal disease, reported scientists from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The study by Wolpin et al was published in Nature Genetics. The...
Study Identifies New Gene Fusion in Aggressive Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Researchers from the Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine have reported new information about the genetic alterations that may contribute to the development of a breast cancer subtype typically associated with more aggressive forms of the disease and higher recurrence...
Medicaid or No Insurance Associated With Worse Cancer-Specific Survival in Nonelderly Patients
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Walker et al found that among nonelderly patients with the top 10 most lethal cancers, those with Medicaid or no insurance were more likely to present with advanced disease and less likely to receive cancer-directed surgery or radiation...
Large Differences in Survival According to Hospital Risk-Adjusted Margin Positivity Rate Status in Rectal Cancer Surgery
Risk-adjusted margin positivity rate has been suggested for use as a rectal cancer surgery quality metric. In an observational cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Massarweh et al from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center identified risk-adjusted margin positivity ...
Largest Cancer Genetic Analysis Reveals New Way of Classifying Cancer
Researchers with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network have completed the largest, most diverse tumor genetic analysis ever conducted, revealing a new approach to classifying cancers. The work, published in Cell, not only revamps traditional ideas of how cancers are diagnosed and treated, ...
Gut Microbiome Analysis May Provide an Effective Screening Tool for Colorectal Cancer
An analysis of the gut microbiome in patients from three clinical groups representing the multistage progression in colorectal cancer has found that the composition of the gut microbiome differentiates individuals with healthy colons from those with adenomas and carcinomas. Adding gut microbiome...
Study Finds Nearly 10% of Cancer Survivors Continue to Smoke Years After Diagnosis
Despite the fact that smoking increases the probability of cancer recurrence and reduces survival time, many cancer survivors continue to smoke. In a new study, nearly 1 in 10 cancer survivors reported being current smokers 9 years after their diagnosis, and 83% were daily smokers averaging about...
Increases Seen in Use of Digital Mammography and Related Screening Costs in Medicare Population, but No Increase in Early Detection
In a study of use of breast cancer screening modalities in the Medicare population reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Killelea et al found significant increases in use of digital image acquisition and computer-aided detection and cost of screening, but no increase in rate of...
Improved Prognosis Seen in Older Women With Mammography-Detected Breast Cancer
Mammography-detected breast cancer is associated with a shift to earlier stage diagnosis in older women, subsequently reducing the rate of more advanced, difficult-to-treat cases, according to a new study by Malmgren et al published in the journal Radiology. The findings lend support to regular...
Researchers Identify Genetic Mutations Linked to Salivary Gland Tumors
Research conducted at the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) has discovered links between a set of genes known to promote tumor growth and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, an oral cancer that affects the salivary glands. The discovery could help physicians develop new treatments that...
Researchers Identify Irreversible Inhibitor for KRAS Gene Mutation
Cancer researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a molecule that selectively and irreversibly interferes with the activity of a mutated cancer gene common in 30% of tumors. The molecule, SML-8-73-1 (SML), interferes with the KRAS gene, whose proteins influence when cells...
Combination Afatinib and Cetuximab Yields Benefit in Lung Cancer Patients Resistant to EGFR Inhibitors
A phase Ib study has found that a combination of the EGFR-targeted agents afatinib (Gilotrif) and cetuximab (Erbitux) yielded clinical responses in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer that had stopped responding to the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib (Tarceva) and gefitinib (Iressa). The combination...
Combined BRAF V600E and TERT Promoter Mutations Identify Aggressive and Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Xing et al found that the combined presence of BRAF V600E and TERT C228T mutations was associated with increased risk of recurrence and poor disease-free survival in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. The retrospective study included 365...
Study Defines Four Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Investigators of The Cancer Genome Atlas project have developed a molecular classification that divides gastric cancer into four major genomic subtypes, according to a study published in Nature. They include (1) tumors positive for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that display recurrent PIK3CA...
Corticosteroids Improve Fatigue, Appetite Loss, and Patient Satisfaction but Not Pain in Opioid-Treated Advanced Cancer Patients, Small Study Shows
In a small Norwegian study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Paulsen et al found that methylprednisolone treatment improved fatigue, appetite loss, and patient satisfaction but not pain in patients with advanced cancer receiving opioid treatment for pain. Study Details In the study,...
Noninvasive Image Texture Analysis May Provide Tumor Heterogeneity Information With Prognostic Potential in NSCLC
Noninvasive quantitative computed tomography–based texture analysis can accurately differentiate the presence of a KRAS mutation from pan–wild-type non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on the results of a study in PLOS ONE. Weiss et al reported that this tumor heterogeneity...
Integrated Safety Analysis Shows Favorable Safety Profile of Single-Agent Trastuzumab Emtansine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
The antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) is currently indicated in the United States for treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who previously received trastuzumab (Herceptin) and a taxane and who have either received prior therapy for metastatic...
Negative HPV Screening Test Result Is a Better Predictor of Cervical Cancer Risk Than a Negative Pap Test Result
A study by investigators at the National Cancer Institute of more than 1 million women has found that a negative test for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a more reliable predictor of the risk of developing cervical cancer than a negative Pap test. The findings suggest that primary HPV...
Two Common Gene Variants Associated With Longer Telomere Length May Increase the Risk of Glioma
Two common gene variants that lead to longer telomere length may increase the risk of glioma, according to the results of a study presented by Walsh et al in Nature Genetics. This finding suggests that telomere length may prove to be a promising epidemiologic risk factor for cancer. It is well...
Gene Signature May Predict Which Breast Cancer Patients Will Benefit From Tamoxifen
A novel approach using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in combination with RNA expression data has identified a gene called USP9X that may predict which patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer will benefit from tamoxifen therapy after surgery. The gene signature the researchers...
Multidimensional Analysis Provides More Accurate Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Using a multidimensional platform that combined nanofluidic technology for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry for protein analysis, researchers at the Danbury Hospital Biomedical Research Institute were able to accurately predict...
Total-Body Photography and Sequential Digital Dermoscopy Assist in Early Diagnosis of Primary Melanoma in High-Risk Individuals
In a study intended to help define optimal screening in individuals at high risk of melanoma, Moloney et al evaluated use of full-body examinations every 6 months along with dermoscopy and total-body photography for all patients and sequential digital dermoscopy imaging as indicated. The study,...
Study Identifies Novel Genomic Changes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Researchers from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and other centers have identified novel mutations in a well-known cancer-causing pathway in lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of lung cancer. Knowledge of these mutations could potentially identify a...
Study Identifies Irinotecan Dosing Levels Based on UGT1A1 Genotype
Risk of severe irinotecan-associated neutropenia is related in part to presence of the UGT1A1*28 variant, which is linked to reduced elimination of the irinotecan active metabolite SN-38. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Innocenti et al identified appropriate irinotecan...
Patient Navigation Improves Time to Diagnosis Resolution and Treatment Initiation
In the Patient Navigation Research Program study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Freund et al found that a patient navigation intervention improved diagnostic resolution and timely treatment initiation in a clinical population comprising predominantly racial/ethnic...
Study Identifies Patient and Tumor Characteristics Associated With BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Colon Cancer
In a study in the population of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG)/Alliance N0147 adjuvant trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Gonsalves et al identified patient and tumor characteristics that are associated with KRAS and BRAF V600E mutations in colon...
ABCA Transporter Gene Expression Is Associated With Poor Outcome in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Hedditch et al found that expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes of the A subfamily (ABCA) had a significant impact on outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. High ABCA1, Low ABCA5 Expression Analysis of gene...
Study Identifies Modifiers of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
In a systematic review and meta-analysis reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Friebel et al attempted to identify factors that appear to modulate risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women who have inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Although the ability to perform...
Abbreviated Screening MRI Protocol Is Highly Accurate in Breast Cancer Detection in Women at Increased Risk
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kuhl et al assessed whether an abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, consisting of one pre- and one postcontrast acquisition and derived images—first postcontrast–subtracted (FAST) and maximum-intensity...
Study Shows Annual MRI Plus Mammography May Be Effective Screening Program for Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
The Ontario Breast Screening Program expanded in July 2011 to include screening of high-risk women aged 30 to 69 years with annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital mammography. As reported by Chiarelli et al in Journal of Clinical Oncology, a study of the initial screen in the program...
Multifaceted Intervention Improves Adherence to Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primarily Latino Community Health Centers
Colorectal cancer screening rates are low among Latinos and people living in poverty. In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Baker et al found that a multifaceted intervention more than doubled adherence to screening with fecal occult blood testing in a largely Latino and uninsured...
HIV-Infected People With Early-Stage Cancers Are Up to Four Times More Likely to Go Untreated for Cancer
HIV-infected people diagnosed with cancer are two to four times more likely to go untreated for their cancer compared to uninfected cancer patients, according to a large retrospective study from researchers in Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The ...
New Screening Approach Identifies Cancer Mutations in Melanoma That May Lead to More Effective Immunotherapies
Although cancer immunotherapy with adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes represents an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma, the antigen targets recognized by these effective tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes remain unclear. According to a new study, a novel...
American College of Physicians Issues Guideline Recommending Against Routine Pelvic Exams for Asymptomatic Women
A new evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians (ACP) is recommending that physicians should not offer routine pelvic examinations to asymptomatic, average-risk, nonpregnant women. The recommendation stems from a review of 52 published articles from 1946...
