In patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer—including patients with visceral crises—those treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy had fewer adverse events and significantly longer progression-free survival compared to those treated with combination chemotherapy, according to results from the phase II RIGHT Choice trial presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2022 (Abstract GS1-10). Visceral crisis is defined as the presence of metastases that compromise the function of vital organs.
“These findings suggest that, through the use of first-line ribociclib plus endocrine therapy, we may be able to avoid or delay chemotherapy and spare patients—even those with aggressive, life-threatening disease—the toxicities and discontinuations associated with chemotherapy,” said presenting author Yen-Shen Lu, MD, PhD, Professor at the National Taiwan University Hospital.
Patients whose breast tumors express the estrogen receptor and/or the progesterone receptor and do not overexpress the growth factor receptor HER2 are most commonly treated in the first line with a cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, such as ribociclib, plus a form of endocrine therapy, which blocks the tumor-promoting effects of estrogen. However, some physicians treat tumors with aggressive characteristics such as visceral crisis with chemotherapy instead. Those decisions are often made on a case-by-case basis, Dr. Lu said.
“Treatment approaches for patients with visceral crises can sometimes be difficult for clinicians, as there is no precise guidance on treatment strategy,” Dr. Lu explained. While National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) Guidelines recommend chemotherapy for this patient population, he added that patients with compromised organ function as a result of metastatic spread are often excluded from clinical trials, making it more difficult to determine new treatment regimens for them.
RIGHT Choice Trial
Dr. Lu and colleagues designed the phase II RIGHT Choice clinical trial to compare the outcomes of patients with aggressive disease treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy to those treated with combination chemotherapy. They recruited 222 premenopausal or perimenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative aggressive breast cancer, more than 50% of whom had visceral crises, as determined by the investigators. One hundred and twelve were randomly assigned to receive ribociclib plus an aromatase inhibitor—letrozole or anastrozole—and goserelin, which decreases ovarian estrogen production; the other 110 patients were assigned to receive a physicians-choice combination chemotherapy regimen.
Results
Patients treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy had a progression-free survival of 24 months, nearly 1 year more than that of patients treated with chemotherapy (12.3 months). The median time to treatment failure was also longer among patients treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy—18.6 months vs 8.5 months among patients treated with chemotherapy.
The overall response rate was similar between the two treatment arms (65.2% for ribociclib plus endocrine therapy and 60% for chemotherapy). However, the rates of symptomatic adverse events, such as diarrhea and fatigue, were different: serious treatment-related adverse events emerged in 1.8% of patients receiving ribociclib plus endocrine therapy and in 8% of patients receiving combination chemotherapy. Similarly, 7.1% of patients treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy and 23% of patients treated with chemotherapy discontinued at least one component of study treatment due to treatment-related adverse events.
“To be able to extend lives, treatment compliance is key,” Dr. Lu said. “A treatment with improved tolerability will definitely enhance compliance and thus increase the chances of longer disease control.”
“Compared with combination chemotherapy, ribociclib plus endocrine therapy may offer more durable antitumor efficacy with better tolerability and compliance,” Dr. Lu continued. “Overall, these improvements in outcomes and tolerability should translate into an evolution of our standard of care for patients with hard-to-treat breast cancer, providing clinicians with guidance for treating this patient population.”
Dr. Lu hopes that forthcoming subgroup analyses will reveal clinical characteristics that may help physicians predict which patients will respond best to ribociclib plus endocrine therapy vs those who may respond better to chemotherapy.
Limitations of this study include its relatively small sample size as a phase II trial, as well as the exclusive applicability of these findings to first-line treatment.
Disclosure: Funding for this study was provided by Novartis Pharma AG. Dr. Lu has received personal funding from Novartis, Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Eli Lilly, and Daiichi Sankyo.
