California Primary Care Physicians Struggle to Adapt to Breast Density Law, Study Shows
Ten months after California legislators enacted a controversial law mandating that radiologists notify women if they have dense breast tissue, University of California (UC), Davis researchers have found that half of primary care physicians are still unfamiliar with the law, and many don't feel comfortable answering breast density–related questions from patients. The findings, published by Khong et al in the Journal of the American College of Radiology, suggest that if the law is going to have any significant impact on patient care, primary care providers need more education about breast density and secondary imaging options.
"Overall, the impact of the breast density legislation is not significant if primary care physicians are not educated or aware of it," said lead author Kathleen Khong, MD, a UC Davis Radiologist and Staff Physician. "We should put some emphasis on educating the primary care physicians, so that when they get questions from patients, they can be comfortable in addressing the issues."
The California Breast Density Law
The California law, which took effect in April 2013, requires that patients whose breast density is defined as "heterogeneously dense" or "extremely dense" (about 50% of women), receive the following notification:
Your mammogram shows that your breast tissue is dense. Dense breast tissue is common and is not abnormal. However, dense breast tissue can make it harder to evaluate the results of your mammogram and may also be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. This information about the results of your mammogram is given to you to raise your awareness and to inform your conversations with your doctor. Together, you can decide which screening options are right for you. A report of your results was sent to your physician.
The researchers point out that breast density has long been a required part of any radiologic report following mammography, but unless a patient asks to see the report, the information is shared only with the patient's providers. Led by patient advocates, the legislation is intended to increase awareness of dense breasts, and encourage patients to discuss the clinical issues with their doctors. According to published research, 28 states have passed, rejected, or considered dense-breast notification legislation since 2009.
But the UC Davis study demonstrates that while women and their doctors are receiving the notifications, many of those physicians are unclear about what to do with the information. As a consequence, the researchers said, it appears that relatively few patients with dense breasts are asking questions about their breast density and its implications.
Survey Findings
The UC Davis study surveyed 77 physicians about the new law. About 49% reported no knowledge of the legislation, and only 32% of respondents noted an increase in patient levels of concern about breast density compared to prior years. In addition, a majority of primary care physicians were only "somewhat comfortable" (55%) with breast density questions from their patients, and 12% were “not comfortable” with these questions.
Dr. Khong said the survey results were surprising, but acknowledged that many primary care physicians may not feel they have sufficient training to make a clinical recommendation for a particular type of secondary screening. In fact, the study found that 75% of respondents would like more education about the breast density law and its implications for primary care.
"Primary care physicians are eager to learn, and want to help their patients and be part of something positive as a result of this," Dr. Khong said.
Additional Screening
Jonathan Hargreaves, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiology at UC Davis and a study coauthor, recommended that if a patient has dense breasts, she should have a risk assessment, which takes into account her family history of breast cancer, biopsy history, and other factors to determine whether a supplemental screening is warranted. Once complete, the physician should then discuss the potential benefits and risks of supplemental imaging in determining the most appropriate approach for the patient. The use of ancillary screening in addition to mammography is a complex subject, and still the subject of considerable debate, explained Dr. Hargreaves.
Tomosynthesis, known as three-dimensional mammography, is one supplemental test that breast radiologists generally agree provides a slight benefit for women with dense breasts over a standard mammogram. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another secondary imaging option, Dr. Hargreaves said, but is generally only used for screening in women who have a very strong family history of breast cancer or have a known high-risk gene, such as BRCA.
"The law has raised a lot of awareness about breast density," Dr. Hargreaves said. "That being said, mammography screening is the primary thing patients need to do, and beyond that, the real benefits of other screening techniques are still the subject of ongoing medical debate."
Dr. Khong is the corresponding author for the Journal of the American College of Radiology article.
The content in this post has not been reviewed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Inc. (ASCO®) and does not necessarily reflect the ideas and opinions of ASCO®.
